Eastern Nazarene Designing of Wings in Fighter and Passenger Aircraft Questions Task 1. How can the design of the wing affect aircraft usage? Task 2. H

Eastern Nazarene Designing of Wings in Fighter and Passenger Aircraft Questions Task 1. How can the design of the wing affect aircraft usage? Task 2. How can the design of the wing affect aircraft performance? Task 3. What’s the difference between the wing in fighter and passenger aircraft? Task 4. How can the wing design affect the aircraft safety? Task 5. How often wing need to be maintained in fighter and passenger aircraft? Introduction, Conclusion and Index Running head: DESIGNING OF WINGS IN FIGHTER AND PASSENGER AIRCRAFT
Designing of wings in fighter and passenger Aircraft
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
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DESIGNING OF WINGS IN FIGHTER AND PASSENGER AIRCRAFT
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Designing of wings in fighter and passenger Aircraft
Introduction
Engineers designed all Aircraft using the same basic ideas. The aircraft wings provide the
lift to hold the plane in the air. Also, the bigger the wing area translates more significant lift
produced; therefore if the wing’s lift is more than the aircraft wing, it will climb up and vice
versa. The aircraft wings are designed with the shape, which makes air to move faster over the
top surface of the wing (Rao, 2016). Also, as the air moves more quickly, the pressure in the air
tend reduce. As such, air pressure on top of the wing becomes less than the pressure on lower
side of the wing. Pressure difference generate a force above aircraft wing that lifts it into the air.
The paper will describe differences between the wing in combat and passenger aircraft and how
craft wings are designed to ensure safety and stability.
Task 3: Difference between the wing in fighter and passenger aircraft
The fighter craft such as F-16 has smaller wings which allow it to perform high
maneuvers faster than passenger craft or airlines is designed with a long wingspan which takes a
long time achieve the same movement. The wings in combat aircraft are designed to maneuver
fast and get into a position and engage or shoot rival Aircraft promptly or avoid incoming
threats. Conversely, passengers are designed with wings focused on improving safety, comfort,
and reduce fuel consumption. Another significant function of the aircraft wings is wing loading
(Lindell-Mill, 2017). The smaller the wing loading, the better the turn performance. Unlike
passenger crafts, fighter crafts have blended wing-fuselage design which decreases the load on
the wings. The aircraft wings depend on the number of characteristics to effectively perform the
maneuver in the air. For instance, “power and thrust-to-weight ratio are critical considerations
DESIGNING OF WINGS IN FIGHTER AND PASSENGER AIRCRAFT
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when design aircrafts wings for both fighter and passenger plane. The fighter aircraft is designed
with wings which produced excess thrust translating to increased acceleration, for this reason,
fighter jets have wings that allow it to maneuver faster compared to passenger aircraft. More so,
aeronautical engineers designed modern fighter aircraft wings to increase thrust-to-weight ratio,
typically more than one that enables the craft to accelerate and climb vertically. This feature
allows the fighter aircraft to accelerate faster compared to passenger aircraft. For instance, F-15
fighter is designed with a special wing to generated thrust-to- weight greater than 1. The wings
for fighter jets are designed to make craft unstable to respond to control inputs faster than other
airlines.
The lift-to-drag ratio is the concept used in aerodynamics to calculate lift generated by
aircraft wing divided by aerodynamic drag result when craft moves through the air. The fighter
jet moving at high speed tend to have a lower lift to drag ratios compared to airliners
Lift equation explaining the difference between fighter and passenger wings
Lift (L)= Cl x
Drag (D)= Cl x
2
2
xS
2
2
xA
Cl= (angle of attack) x (wing shape)
P= Density
2 =Speed
S=wing surface area
A=reference area
DESIGNING OF WINGS IN FIGHTER AND PASSENGER AIRCRAFT
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Suppose A=250 feet squares, Cl=0.4, Cd=0.5, V=150 feet/ s, density = 2.38×10−2 slugs/fts
Lift= (0.4)(0.5)(2.38×10−2)(150ft/s)150 / )2 (250 2 )
L =2677.5 lbf
Conventionally, lift = aircraft weight
D= (0.5)(0.5)( 2.38×10−3 )(1502 )( 250 2 )
D =335lbf

Therefore lift-to-drag ratio= =
2677.5
335
Lift-to-drag ration of the fighter aircraft is approximately 7.99
Comparing with passenger craft such as Boeing 777 which has wings with large Area, thus liftto-drag ratio increases to approximately 15 to 17.
Task 4: how can the wing design affect aircraft safety?
Safety is the primary for engineers when designing Aircraft. The aircrafts’ wings are
rigorously tested to make sure they meet design standards and requirements for certification. As
modern Aircraft become more complex, engineers must adhere to updated safety standards when
designing both fighter and passenger aircraft. Further, it should be noted that aircraft wing
creates a significant challenge due to systems that use electrical wires and computer to control
moveable part of the craft wing. Experts suggest possibilities that electrical current may create
magnetic fields around the conductor, such as the outer cover of the aircraft. The magnetic fields
induced nearby the electrical conductors may affect current flow; therefore creating currents
flowing in the opposite direction. Accidents or aircraft crash may result when an electrical
DESIGNING OF WINGS IN FIGHTER AND PASSENGER AIRCRAFT
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system controlling wing develops malfunctioning (Cho, Lee, & Han, 2014). Similarly, aircraft’s
wing designed using aluminum cover may develop control problems during lightning and
thunderstorms. Considering the fact that aircraft wing relies on sophisticated computerized
controls, the pilot has no control of the plane; thus option of initiating emergency landing may
be compromised as a result of the failing wing control systems.
Modern complex systems employed in Aircraft raises concerns over hidden wing designs
defects. Presently, accidents involving Aircraft with complex systems reveals unpredictable
malfunctions that pose a hazard to the pilot and passengers on board. The national Aviation
safety focuses on investigating how Aircraft’s wing could result in fatal accidents. More so,
Aviation safety emphasizes designing Aircraft fitted with wings which can cause unexpected
failures. The Aviation introduced safety technology to increase capacity for addressing
challenges associated with potential accidents which occur when Aircraft’s wing develops a
mechanical problem.
Aircraft wings apply fluid mechanics- Pascal’s Law. The concept of pressure is used in
controlling both fighter and passenger aircraft, thus critical in determining safety. The Pascal’s
deal with focus on variables such as force, area, and pressure. Furthermore, using Pascal’s
principle in controlling the aircraft wing, the pressure in the system is equal to the force applied
divided by area of the piston.
Calculation pressure used in Aircraft’s wings hydraulic systems
Pressure= (force÷Area)
If the force applied is 10 lb on a 1/2 Area squared
DESIGNING OF WINGS IN FIGHTER AND PASSENGER AIRCRAFT
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Pressure=10÷ 2
The pressure generated is 20 psi.
According to Pascal’s
Therefore, hydraulics used both fighter and passenger craft actuates flapping of the wings to
perform accurate maneuvers in the air. The Aircraft relies on the hydraulics which employs
Pascal’s Law to transmit high pressure or force through a small volume of fluid.
Task 5: How often wing need to be maintained in fighter and passenger craft
Aircraft maintenance is the action taken to restore critical parts of either fighter or
passenger crafts to specified conditions. It should be noted military and passenger aircraft
operators have similar objectives of safety and operational effectiveness. According to typical
craft maintenance and service plan recommended by the National Aviation Authority outline
objectives of the craft maintenance program. The Aircraft maintenance program for both fighter
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DESIGNING OF WINGS IN FIGHTER AND PASSENGER AIRCRAFT
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and passenger focus on providing the opportunity to restore the level of the wing’s safety.
Typically, considering the critical function of the wings in controlling and lifting the craft. The
wings’ have sophisticated hydraulics which requires maintenance every 45 hours, for domestic
crafts and 65 hours for international airlines. Furthermore, it should be noted that the reliability
of the aircraft wing is useful only when it is supported by regular and adequate maintenance.
Typically, proper maintenance allows fighter and passenger aircraft wings to reach their potential
reliability. Also, before each flight, engineers conduct the walk around to check if the Aircraft
have exterior and engines attached on wings.
Conclusion
The aircraft wings are designed with the shape which makes air move faster over the top
of the wing. For instance, unlike passengers’ plane, combat craft F -16 is designed with smaller
wings which enable it to perform the quick maneuver in the air to avoid oncoming threats. On
the other hand, aeronautical engineers designed airlines with wing to improved safety, comfort,
and reduce fuel consumption. The concept of lift to draft ration provides a clear explanation of
why wings in passenger plane differ from those in combat aircraft. Safety of the aircraft wing
can be compromised by several factors, including expected lighting, which may affect electrical
systems controlling wing flaps. Considering complex hydraulic and electrical system used to
control aircraft wings, the International Aviation and Transport Association recommend regular
maintenance critical parts of the Aircraft such wings.
DESIGNING OF WINGS IN FIGHTER AND PASSENGER AIRCRAFT
References
Cho, H., Lee, S., & Han, C. (2014). Experimental study on the aerodynamic characteristics of a
fighter-type aircraft model in close formation flight. Journal of Mechanical Science and
Technology, 28(8), 3059-3065.
Landell-Mills, N. (2017). Calculation of the Air Displaced by a Wing. J Aeronaut Aerospace
Eng, 6(204), 2.
Rao, J. S. (2016). Advances in aerostructures. Procedia Engineering, 144, 3-25.
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Task
Task 1. How can the design of
the wing affect aircraft usage?
Task 2. How can the design of
the wing affect aircraft
performance?
Task 3. What’s the difference
between the wing in fighter
and passenger aircraft?
Task 4. How can the wing
design affect the aircraft
safety?
Time
Task 5. How often wing need
to be maintained in fighter
and passenger aircraft?
Introduction, Conclusion and
Index
Note: I had not worked on Task 1 and Task 2 at all.
Project shortcomings:
-Task 1
Add small paragraph answering the question of Task 1
-Task 2
Add (How does fighter and commercial aircraft wing design effect left, drag, take off
performance and landing performance?)
In additional, add info about critical mach number in performance / How critical mach
number delays depend on wing design shape?
-Task 3
Add some calculation for commercial aircraft as what you did for fighter aircraft and
specify type used in calculation F16, Boeing.. etc
-Task 4
Add info about safety in commercial and fighter aircrafts.
-Task 5
Add (info about maintenance intruder / After how many hours of flying wings need to be
maintained? In commercial and fighter aircrafts)
-Kindly don’t forget to attach the reference of each Task

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