Alta Bates Summit Medical Center Nd Yag Laser In Medicine & Treatment Of Cancer Paper attached are two files one file includes a powerpoint and the other f

Alta Bates Summit Medical Center Nd Yag Laser In Medicine & Treatment Of Cancer Paper attached are two files one file includes a powerpoint and the other file includes sources.The task is to use those files to write a paper about Nd:YAG Lazers in medicine and in treatment of cancer precisely and include how the lazer function and with an explanation of the energy levels and the main parts of it. Use the powerpoint to guide you and the resource and include additional resources if needed. The paper length should be two pages. (Nd:YAG) laser
What is Nd:YAG Laser?
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Nd:YAG stands for neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet.
It is a four-level solid state laser that typically emits an infrared wavelength
(1060 nm) which penetrates deep into the skin.
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Nd acts as the the active medium while YAG acts as the host.
It can function in either a pulsed or continuous mode.
It was developed in 1964 by J.E. Geusic et al. at Bell Laboratories.
What is it made of?
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1.
2.
3.
It consists of three main parts:
Active medium.
Pumping source.
Optical resonator
How does it function?
When the pumping source provides energy to the active medium
electrons in the energy level (E1) move to a higher energy level (E4).
Excited electrons in E4 are unstable and spend a short time in that
energy level, so the they move to a lower energy level (E3).
Electrons in E3 are stable and exhibit a longer lifespan but once they
get exhausted they move to a lower energy level (E2) by releasing
photons.
Electron in E2 will have a short lifespan just like in E4 so they will
move to E1 without releasing photons.
As a result the transition from E3 to E2 yields a coherent laser beam
of wavelength 1060 nm.
Medical Application
Nd:YAG laser can be used in laser ablation for a number of
types of cancer.
1. Throat cancer.
2. Bladder cancer.
3. Liver cancer.
● It is also used to clot blood readily and quickly without
damaging nearby tissue.
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Significance of Nd:YAG laser
The Nd:YAG laser is mostly used in the continuous mode, it has
been the mostly used laser in ablation for a long time because of its
wavelength that allows a high penetration which can go up to 10
cm in treatment of cancer.
Types of laser used in treatment for types of cancer
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=85&ContentID=p07
250#:~:targetText=Neodymium%3Ayttrium%2Daluminum%2Dgarnet,used%20to%20treat%20th
roat%20cancer.
ND:YAG Laser
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/ndyaglaser#:~:targetText=The%20Nd%3AYAG%20laser%20was,%2C%20of%205%E2%80%9310%
20mm.
https://www.rp-photonics.com/yag_lasers.html

https://lumenis.com/aesthetics/technology/long-pulsed-ndyag/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5492000/

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