Qualitative Study of Health Affairs Essay For this paper, you just need to describes the strategies (see the lecture pdf for details idea) you have selecte
Qualitative Study of Health Affairs Essay For this paper, you just need to describes the strategies (see the lecture pdf for details idea) you have selected and the specific activities designed to meet the program objectives (PC7 Goals & Objectives docx). In this section, you begin detailing exactly what you would do, how, and when, if your proposed program were to be funded. The strategies and activities selected must be grounded in evidence from the problem statement and connected to the PC 7 goals and objectives docx. PC 11: Strategies and Activities Proposal Draft
Due 4/15/2020
Strategies and Activities: Instructions from the RFP
This section describes the strategies that have been selected and the specific activities designed
to meet the program objectives. Detail exactly what will be offered, how, and when, if the
proposed program were to be funded. The strategies and activities selected must be ?grounded in
evidence? from the problem statement and ?connected to the goal and objectives?.
?
?Strategies? are broad approaches to change. Change strategy examples include health
communication, health education, social support, community mobilization, and behavior
change. The strategies selected for the program should be based on the goals, objectives,
theoretical framework, and address at least ?two levels? of the social-ecological framework.
They should also be based on the cultural context, the community, and an understanding of
the priority population.
?
?Activities? are the specific actions that will happen during the program to accomplish the
process, impact, and outcome objectives. An effective program will have a set of interrelated
activities. Clearly describe, in this section, the application of the core theoretical constructs
to the proposed activities (for example, a ?cue to action? from the Health Belief Model might
be refrigerator magnets with a campaign health message or text message reminders to
schedule exercise for today). Health promotion activities include, but are not limited to
media campaigns, network or coalition building, resource development, health fairs,
community gardens, support services, policy advocacy, social marketing, peer or mentoring
programs, workshops, information campaigns, and providing resources (e.g., food
distribution, transportation). Activities must be specific, measurable, and connected to the
theoretical constructs and related program objectives.
PC 11 Draft Instructions
Step 1: Using your theoretical framework and best practices as your guide (or inspiration),
determine what strategies you will use in your program.
Step 2: Determine what activities you will propose for each strategy you select.
Step 3: Develop an outline and write a 4-5 page draft for this section of the proposal.
Step 4: Upload your draft to the assignment in Canvas and bring a copy of your draft to class.
Recommendations:
1. Use headings to organize your sections.
a. Start with the heading for the section as a whole Strategies and Activities and
then use sub-headings for the specific strategies and activities that you will be
discussing.
2. Introduce and explain each strategy
a. Introduce and explain each activity that falls under each strategy.
i.
Error on the side of detail and depth.
ii. Explain the activities as if you are trying to tell a potential participant what
they will be doing if they participate in your program.
3. If you have used best practices or an evidence based program to guide your ideas, be sure
you are crediting and citing your source(s).
4. You can also use the Spectrum of Prevention to help guide your strategy and activity
creation and help you think outside of the individual for change.
Strategies and
Activities
Catherine Doyle
April 6. 2020
Agenda
Welcome, Announcements, & Questions
A little inspiration
Problem statement feedback
Tips for Writing, Citing, Finishing
Review Methods, Strategies & Activities
Breakout session brainstorming best practices for
activities
Announcements
Your problem statements have been scored and grades posted.
PC8 Now due on 4/10 at 11:59pm
PC7 Peer Reviews still required please submit your peer
reviews. My feedback will be available Wednesday.
Review Methods, Strategies & Activities
For Wednesday:
PC10: Theory Draft due to Canvas by 1:30pm
Read Community Toolbox Chapter 19, Section 5 & Toolkit:
Developing an Intervention
Centering Pregnancy South Carolina
Feedback on Problem Statements
Nice work on your problem statements!
Please review the feedback on your individual submission
and see me during office hours with questions
Be sure to make it clear why your priority population is a
priority include relevant trends, regional comparisons
and connect the dots as needed
Be careful when making declarative statements without
supporting evidence
Tips for Writing
Use an outline to keep things organized and moving
forward
Use headings and subheadings following APA format
Read your work out loud, and have someone else
read it
Pay attention to Word spelling or grammar errors
Make sure that your sentences flow, one to the next
Writing Paragraphs
Remember to follow a structure for each paragraph:
Introduction sentence (topic)
Supporting sentences make up the body of the paragraph
(what about the topic)
Concluding sentence (summary or transition)
Avoid short paragraphs, should be at 4-5 least sentences.
Avoid long paragraphs, should have more than a single
paragraph per page
Writing sentences
Use active voice as much as possible
Avoid hyperbole, dramatic or exaggerated language. Stick to the
facts that will prove your point
Revise wordy writing; cut out useless phrases (with regards to, as
previously stated on the other hand)
This is academic, professional level writing. No mistakes, no slang.
No contractions (do not use dont)
Make sure that verbs and nouns match tense
Make sure that the subject and verb agree in number (both must be
singular or plural)
No use of first person except in the Letter. The rest of the
proposal should not include I , we, or our.
Tips for Citing & referencing
Use in-text citations to support your assertions. If in
doubt, cite it!
Be specific in your references and citations. Use page
or paragraph for specific data or direct quote.
Double check every reference in your list. Use OWL.
Tips for finishing
Use tools for grammar checks (sooner the better!)
Upload to Canvas Turnitin dropbox early! Give
yourself time to revise and resubmit.
Double check to make sure every reference is cited -and cited correctly.
Dont use direct quotes unless absolutely necessary,
and if you do, cite it correctly.
More tips
Use the RFP, and the proposal checklist to make sure
you have fully addressed each and every section.
Use the grading rubric on canvas as a final check this is what I will use to grade your proposals.
Give yourself lots of time. And keep breathing.
Methods to Facilitate Change
A systematic procedure or way of doing something
Increasing Knowledge
Changing Attitudes
Building Skills
Changing Social Influence
Method includes
Strategies: How to accomplish the methods
Activities: What will happen to reach desired
outcome, e.g. a single activity or a series of
activities/events
Possible Program Intervention
Strategies
§ Health Communication
§ Behavior Modification
§ Health Education
§ Organizational Incentives &
§ Environmental Change
§ Regulatory Activities
§ Health Status Evaluation
§ Community Mobilization
Disincentives
§ Social Support
HEALTH COMMUNICATION
üActivities that convey a message
üUsually a part of most programs
üTypes (channels of communication)
Ø Interpersonal (Practitioners advice)
Ø Interpersonal (small classes)
Ø Organizational (newsletters)
Ø Mass media (Social Marketing/ PSAs)
www.HRCMissouri.edu
15
HEALTH COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
Can be delivered in many different ways (channels)
Video and audio teleconferencing
Phone:
Individual initiated (help lines)
Outreach calls by health educator or staff
In person: lecture, one-on-one
Internet, tailored email, social media, phone apps
Mass media
Printed materials
HEALTH EDUCATION STRATEGIES
Traditional educational:
classes, facilitator/learner,
discussion, lecture
Many other means:
self-taught materials, group work,
computer-aided instruction, games
17
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
Activities that alter the legal, social, economic, or physical context
Designed to change structure or types
of services, or systems of care to
improve delivery of health promotion
Those things that are around the
individual
Also called health engineering strategies
18
REGULATORY ACTIVITIES
Executive orders, laws, ordinances, policies,
position statements, formal/informal rules
Mandated or regulated activities
Political – can take away freedoms, pride, $, psyche
Based on common good (worker safety-no
smoking in bars)
19
HEALTH STATUS EVALUATION
Increase awareness of ones health
Examples include
Health Risk Appraisals (HRAs)
Biometric (clinical) screenings
Services, tests, or treatments
Reduce barriers – affordability, accessibility
Referrals and follow-ups
20
www.rexhealth.com
COMMUNITY
MOBILIZATION
Community Organizing bring people together to
solve community problem or goal
Community Building – an orientation to a community
that is strength-based & stresses community assets
Community Advocacy – process in which those in the
community become involved in the institutions &
decisions that impact their lives
21
COMMUNITY ADVOCACY
Community rally
Email / social media campaigns
Personal visits with decision makers
Telephone call campaigns
TV / radio appearances to present a view
Letter-writing
to key people to educate or thank
to newspaper editors (congratulate / shame on you)
22
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
Systematic process
Based on Stimulus Response theory
Process
Keep records (smoking, weight)
Analyze the records
Create a plan to modify the behavior
23
www.caninecommander.com
INCENTIVES & DISINCENTIVES
INCENTIVE
Anticipation of rewards
Increases probability of
behavior
Matching motivation &
incentives
Types – social, material,
miscellaneous
DISINCENTIVE
Discourages behavior
Can range from
intrapersonal to public policy
levels
Ø Examples: surcharge for
health insurance for
smokers, prohibit
smoking in work building.
24
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
Creating new organizational norms
Culture
ØClothing, language, tone
Policy
Øfarm fresh foods in schools
Ø move tobacco products behind sales counter
Øbuild exercise par-course on company
property
25
SOCIAL SUPPORT
Providing support & be a willing partner
Examples
Ø Support groups and
buddy systems
Ø Social activities
Ø Social networks
26
Your Program Plan:
Strategies and Activities (4-5 pages)
This section describes the strategies you have
selected and the specific activities designed to meet
your program objectives. In this section, you begin
detailing exactly what you would do, how, and when,
if your proposed program were to be funded. The
strategies and activities selected must be grounded
in evidence from the problem statement and
connected to the goals and objectives.
Strategies
Broad approaches to change.
The strategies selected for your program should be
based on your goals, objectives, theoretical
framework, and address at least two levels of the
social-ecological framework.
They should also be based on the cultural context
and your understanding of your priority population.
Activities
Specific actions that will happen in your program, based
on your selected theoretical framework and change
strategies, to accomplish your process, impact, and
outcome objectives.
An effective program will have a set of interrelated
activities. In this section, you clearly describe the
application of the core theoretical constructs you selected
to the proposed activities (for example, a cue to action from
the Health Belief Model might be refrigerator magnets
with a campaign health message or text message
reminders to schedule your exercise for today).
Activities
Health promotion activities include, but are not limited to
media campaigns, network or coalition building, resource
development, health fairs, community gardens, support
services, policy advocacy, social marketing, peer or
mentoring programs, workshops, information campaigns,
and providing resources (e.g., food distribution,
transportation).
Activities must be specific, measurable, and connected to
the theoretical constructs and related program objectives
Strategies & Activities
You may include a Logic Model chart as an
attachment to your proposal to visually describe
these components and their inter-relationships.
You may also include a Theoretical Framework Table
which identifies exactly how each construct of your
theoretical framework will be operationalized in your
program.
Other Tips
Provide a detailed description of your activities, and
connect them back to the reasons WHY you are
doing them.
Refer back to best practices, always good to cite
evidence that your strategy & activities are likely to
work
Breakout Room Brainstorm
Activities
Share one activity you are planning
What best practice applies
Group brainstorm: Any other best practices that can be
leveraged?
Each person in the group takes turns sharing and
brainstorming
Report back to class if time allows
For Wednesday
Coley, chapter 9
Community Toolbox Chapter 19, Section 5 &
Toolkit: Developing an Intervention Use Theoretical
Constructs Table or Logic Model worksheets as
needed.
Submit PC10: Theory Draft
1
Theoretical Framework
Chi Nguyen
San Jose State University
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2
Theoretical Framework
Level of Change
Lung cancer is a global pandemic that ultimately contributes to the increased number of
cancer deaths worldwide. This can be attributed to the lack of control in the growth of the tumors
in the lungs. Researchers identify gene mutation inheritance as the core biological factor causing
lung cancer. Other causes include environmental and behavioral elements such as smoking
cigarettes, exposure to poisonous gases, and inhalation of asbestos. Vietnameses smoking habits
is a prevalent cause of Lung cancer among Vietnamese immigrants in Santa Clara County
(Prochaska & Velicer, 2007). Thus, to reduce lung cancer cases among Vietnamese immigrants in
Santa Clara County, educating individuals on behavior change and adoption of activities that
promote a healthy lifestyle is essential. Therefore, this research seeks to evaluate the intrapersonal
level as the core level of change for the program. The intrapersonal level is suitable because it
addresses the core behavioral aspect that increases ones susceptibility and exposure to the disease.
The Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change)
The transtheoretical model is a behavioral change model that outlines the change of
behavior through a series of stages. The theory pays particular attention to the decision-making
process of intentional change. The theorists posit that behavior change, especially habitual
behavior is a gradual process that follows the six stages of the model (DiClemente & Prochaska,
2008). Each stage of the model requires intervention strategies to drive the individuals behavior
change to another step, hence the ultimate transformation.
Precontemplation is the first stage of behavior change where individuals are not aware of
the problematic consequences related to their behavior, hence do not intend to change. Here,
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
3
individuals underestimate the benefits of changing their behavior patterns. The second stage is the
contemplation step, so individuals perceive the adverse effects of their behavior and consider the
change. Third stage is preparation, and individuals are determined to adopt new behavioral
strategies that will enhance their health in this stage. The fourth stage is for the action; it practical
or modified behavior is evident (Prochaska & Velicer, 2007). New and healthy behavior is adopted
with the intention to maintain. The fifth stage is maintenance; consistency is seen in the new and
healthy behavior adopted. There is an evident plan to sustain behavior change. Termination is the
last stage of the model. In this stage, individuals exhibit a complete change in their behavior with
no desire to revisit the unhealthy behavioral patterns.
According to the theorists, behavior change is informed by various interventions. The
primary intervention to be used together with the model is educating members on the priority
population and risk factors associated with smoking. In the first stage, the research will use
educational services to enhance individuals comprehension of adverse effects related to their
smoking behavior. The primary communication channel to be used is the distribution of printed
manuals and materials. Printing customized materials about the dangers and likely interventions
of smoking will enhance the second stage of change as per the model (DiClemente & Prochaska,
2008). Provision of materials in both English and Vietnamese version will be used in the
preparation stage of behavior change. Here, individuals will choose the preferred language to study
some of percepts of behavior change. The use of customized programs such as physical activities
will be used as an actual behavior change construct. In this intervention, individuals will be taught
physical activities that can be done during leisure time. Broadcasting of behavior change attitudes
on television and other media will enhance a continuous implementation and maintenance of the
adopted behavior.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
4
On the spectrum of prevention, the model will be used to strengthen an individual’s
knowledge and skills. Here, experts will visit clinics and communities and educate them on healthy
behavior and behavior change. This spectrum will be useful if the community or individuals are
mobilized to undertake the stage of behavior change as outlined by the model.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
5
References
DiClemente, C. C., & Prochaska, J. O. (2008). Toward a comprehensive, transtheoretical model
of change: Stages of change and addictive behaviors.
Prochaska, J. O., & Velicer, W. F. (2007). The transtheoretical model of health behavior
change. American journal of health promotion, 12(1), 38-48.
Student Name: Chi Nguyen
Health Issue: Lung Cancer
Priority Population & Community: Vietnamese Immigrants in Santa Clara County
Goal: To reduce the rate of lung cancer among Vietnamese immigrants in Santa Clara
Activity: To educate members of the priority population and community about the risk factors of lung
cancer and the reason why they should change their behaviors and seek early cancer screening.
Process
Impact
Outcome
– By May 30th, 2020, program
director will be hired 10
community health nurses to
provide educational services to
the Vietnamese immigrants in the
county.
– By December 30th, 2020, 60% of
the Vietnamese Immigrants will
be able to seek help and do cancer
screening more frequently.
-By May 30th, 2023, the incidence
of lung cancer among Vietnamese
immigrants in Santa Clara will
reduce by 40% compared to the
rate from the beginning of the
program.
– By June 1st, 2020, staff will
ensure that all 10 community
health nurses confirmed their
arrival/presence for the upcoming
program.
– By May 30th, 2020, countys
staff will print 400 copies of the
education manuals and have
enough learning materials for the
people who will participate in the
education program. (about 300400 participants)
– By May 30th, 2020, staff will
ensure there is different languages
such as Vietnamese version and
English version for the education
manuals with in dept information
about the program.
– By July 30th, 2020, the
community health nurses will
develop customize programs such
– By May 30th, 2021, 50% of
Vietnamese immigrants will meet…
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