School of Electrical Engineering Function Generator Lab Report lab report electrical circuitplease no plagiarism !!! 0% similarityplease provide me the % o
School of Electrical Engineering Function Generator Lab Report lab report electrical circuitplease no plagiarism !!! 0% similarityplease provide me the % of similarity in trunit in .I will attach the sample in word file also the other word file for the instructions and the PDF is information you need to use in lab report .Please read the rubric 1.2 and follow the instructions. I provided the data in pic(At least 450 words) EXPERIMENT 2:
CIRCUIT LAWS OSCILLOSOPE &
FUNCTION GENERATOR
OUTCOMES:
Demonstrate circuit laws/theorems/filter operation &
Learn how to use of Lab Equipment Oscilloscope & Function Generator
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this experiment is to continue the process of becoming
familiar with the use of the equipment within this laboratory; this will
be accomplished by demonstrating circuit theorems – introduced in the
Electrical Systems course. The experiment focuses on the use of the
Function Generator (FG) and Oscilloscope (OSC).
IN PREPARATION FOR EXPERIMENT 2:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Complete all Pre-lab exercises (in the Lab Notebook); it is highly
recommended that the students review KCL, KVL, voltage/current
division, and resistor/capacitor/inductor combinations.
Assemble all circuits required for Experiment 2 (see experimental
procedure)
Read portions of the manual for the Oscilloscope and Function
Generator and become familiar with the instruments key features
and capabilities
Bring a thumb drive for storing data from the OSC (look up info
on saving data from OSC in your equipment manual)
TO BE HANDED IN:
(1)
(2)
Copy of Pre-lab exercises and simulations @ the beginning of the
class
Copy of measurements/notes recorded in lab notebook for
Experiment 2 @ the end of the class
6
PRE-LAB EXERCISES:
(1)
Include the following statement (and sign) in your notebook:
I (NAME) confirm that I have watched the following on-line video
(INCLUDE LINK OR DESCRIPTION OF YOU TUBE VIDEO) on
the use of the oscilloscope.
Signature: ________________________________
Use your equipment Users Guides on the Function Generator
(FG) and Oscilloscope (OSC) to provide answers to the following
questions; provide concise answers.
(2)
Oscilloscope (Agilent DSO-X 3024A) (the front panel is on pg. 36
of the Users Guide):
a) What does the vertical scale knob control do, and what are
the vertical axis units? (pgs. 41, 64)
b) What does the horizontal scale knob control do, and what are
the horizontal axis units? (pgs. 38, 64)
c) Why is it necessary to compensate the oscilloscope probe?
(pg. 34)
d) What is the difference between the AC and DC coupling? (pg.
65)
e) What is the role of the trigger and how do you adjust it? (pgs.
37, 143)
(3)
Function Generator (Tektronix AFG 3022C) (the front panel is on
pg. 24 of the Users Guide):
a) Sketch the equivalent output circuit (pg. 21)
b) What types of output signals are available with the 3022C
function generator? (pg. 30)
c) How many output channels does the Function Generator
provide? (pg. 2)
d) What is the max signal frequency and amplitude? (pg. 2)
e) Are the two outputs isolated? (pg. 13)
(4)
Simulate the circuit described in Part A Step-4 in the
experimental procedure.
(5)
Look up information on how to read capacitor values.
7
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
Sinusoidal Signals: Sinusoidal signals (sines and cosines) receive
special attention in circuit analysis for several reasons; the power
reaching homes, offices, businesses etc. is based on sinusoids. Also,
mathematical techniques allow one to approximate nearly every signal
as a sum of sinusoidal components. The response of a linear circuit to
a sinusoidal input (excitation) will also be a sinusoid with the same
frequency. It is important for students to become familiar with the
concepts of frequency f [Hz], radian or angular frequency w
[radians/s],
phase angle ,qperiod T, and amplitude VM (as defined below).
VMsin?t
VM
VMcos?t
where:
2?
: angular frequency [rad/s]
T
VM : amplitude [V]
? : phase angle [!]
? = 2? f =
0
?/2
1
: frequency [Hz]
T
T : period [s]
f=
?
2?
3?
4?
sin(?t+?)
cos(?t+?)
0
?/2
?
2?
3?
4?
?
A quantity of importance is the root mean square value of the signal or
rms value (also known as the effective value). By definition, the root
mean square value of a signal x(t) is:
X RMS =
1
T
?
T
0
x 2 (t)? dt
and for a sinusoidal voltage (or current):
VRMS =
1
T
T
? v(t)2 dt =
0
?t
1
T
T
? VM2 cos2 ?t ? dt =
0
VM2
T
T
1
? 2 (1+ cos2?t)? dt =
0
VM
2
8
?t
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
PART A:
(1)
All instruments must be OFF before you begin.
(2)
Turn on the oscilloscope, attach your probes to two of the inputs
and compensate them (Users manual pg. 34).
(3)
While compensating the probe, operate the vertical/horizontal
scale and position knobs to understand their operation.
(4)
Construct a simple 3-resistor series circuit (use resistors with
R>100 W; pick 3 different values).
R Each student must construct his/her own circuit and test it. Partners
must make sure they do not build the same circuits.
R Each student must bring a thumb drive to all experiments and save
OSCOPE data as you see fit.
(5)
Turn on the FG and connect the BNC connector to one of the two
outputs. Prior to connecting the FG to your circuit, operate the
various functions (choose different signals, adjust frequency,
amplitude etc.) to become familiar with its basic operation.
(6)
Set the FG for a sine wave with amplitude of 3 V and frequency
of 200 Hz. Note the period of the signal. Connect the output of
the FG to the 3-resistor circuit.
(7)
Using the OSC measure the voltage at each node of the circuit
(use the ground or low of the FG as the reference node). Can
you confirm that KVL applies?
(8)
Add a 2 V offset to the above sine wave and measure the various
voltages using (a) AC and (b) DC coupling. What do you observe?
(9)
Using the DMM measure the VRMS value across each resistor and
compare with the sine waves you measured in step 7. Do the
measurements agree?
(10)
Turn off the Outputs of all power/signal sources and disconnect
from the circuit.
9
PART B:
(1)
Construct a simple RC circuit using R=1.0×103 W resistor and a
C=0.1 µF capacitor (see Fig. 2.1 below). The time constant t for
this circuit is equal to RC=0.1 ms (i.e. the product of the capacitor
and resistor values; t=RC).
FIGURE 2.1.
Circuit diagram for part (b) of pre-lab
exercises
(2)
Set the FG for a square wave (0-5 Volts). And connect as input
to the RC circuit you constructed (Fig. 2.1).
(3)
Attach two OSC probes to your circuit to monitor the input and
output (voltages) simultaneously. For the remainder of Part B you
need to measure the output voltage for several frequencies: 10,
20, 50, 100, 200, 500 (all in Hz); 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 (all
in kHz); (each lab partner must take turns in adjusting the settings
for all instruments being used for this experiment.
(4)
The above measurements (step 3) must be presented in a table as
well as in a semi-log graph where the frequency in Hz is plotted
on the horizontal axis (log scale) vs. the ratio (VOUT/VIN) of the
voltage amplitudes on the vertical axis
(5)
Turn off the Outputs of all power/signal sources and disconnect
from the circuit.
10
…
This is the end of the
experiment
…
Please clean up your
stations
…
Turn off all equipment
before you leave
11
POST LAB REPORT
Content:
The post-lab report must clearly demonstrate whether the objectives of
the Experiment have been met and discuss/explain why and how using
the measured data. At a minimum the report must to contain the
following information:
R Discussion on the use of the FG and OSC; report problems or other
issues that came up during the experiment, etc.
R Although no pre-lab calculations were required for this lab, discuss
your results in terms of the basic circuit laws and theorems you are
familiar with; for Part B, discuss the behavior of your RC circuit.
R Include Lessons Learnt in your Conclusion
Use and discuss the relevant data for each discussion topic, use
equations, circuits etc. Compare your data in tables or graphs and
explain deviations between pre-lab calculations and measured values
(calculate % error where appropriate). If for some reason you collected
the wrong measurements, explain what you did/went wrong.
NOTE: Minimum Post-Lab report requirements can be found on page
5, and report-writing tips to avoid common mistakes can be found in
Appendix A4.
REM: INDIVIDUAL Post-Lab Report
12
Circuit Laws, Theorems, and Filter Operation
Oscilloscope and Function Generator
This is sample dont copy anything
I submit to you the lab report for Experiment# 2 that is included all data, information,
and calculations which were collected from the experiment in February 6 th, 2019.
Signature:
1
Introduction:
Objective:
In this lab experiment, the student need to get familiar with the use of the
equipment that it will be used in this experiment such as, FG and OSC. The circuit
theorems will help us to demonstrate and accomplish this experiment.
Experiment:
In this experiment, we will be working with two totally different circuit, and we will
be approving how circuit laws have been established. We could use many laws in this
experiment such as: KVL, and KCL.
Equipment:
Breadboard.
1k ohms, 3.3k ohms, 910 ohms Resistors.
Alligator Clips.
BNC connecter.
OSC.
DMM.
LAB Manual.
Notebook.
Digital Milti-meter.
Circuits:
Figure 1
2
Figure 2
Results:
Part A
Resistor
Voltage at each nodes
(V)
?????? (V)
R1 = 910 ohms
0.34
3.08
R2 = 3.3K ohms
1.76
2.55
R3 = 1K ohms
0.38
0.64
Table 1: Voltage at each node
Resistor
Voltage at each nodes
(V)
?????? (V)
R1 = 910 ohms
0.34
3.08
R2 = 3.3K ohms
1.76
2.55
R3 = 1K ohms
0.38
0.64
Table 2: AC Coupling (2V off-set)
3
Resistor
Voltage at each nodes
(V)
?????? (V)
R1 = 910 ohms
3.50
3.08
R2 = 3.3K ohms
2.80
2.55
R3 = 1K ohms
0.71
0.64
Table 3: DC Coupling (2V off-set)
Resistor
Voltage (Vrms)
DMM Voltage (Vrms)
Percentage
Errors (%)
R1 = 910ohms
0.36
0.34
5.88
R2 = 3300ohms
1.25
1.76
40.8
R3 = 1000ohms
0.39
0.38
2.63
Table 4: RMS Voltage
4
5
Part B
Frequency (Hz)
Vout(V)
Vin(V)
Vout / Vin
10
5.60
5.30
1.056
20
5.60
5.30
1.056
50
5.60
5.30
1.056
100
5.60
5.30
1.056
200
5.60
5.30
1.056
500
5.60
5.30
1.056
10k
1.80
5.50
0.327
20k
1.00
5.50
0.181
50k
0.80
5.50
0.145
100k
0.60
5.50
0.109
200k
0.60
5.50
0.109
500k
0.60
5.70
0.105
Table 5: Output / Input Voltage and the ratio
Discussion:
As we said in the introduction, there are many laws, and we did achieve some of them.
In part A, we built a sample circuit that had three resistors in series. In the first part we
asked to find the voltage using the Oscilloscope. We found that the values were the
same between the voltage across the nodes and the AC coupling as shown in Table 1
and Table 2; However, the values started to change when it came to the DC coupling as
shown in Table 3. For the part of AC and DC coupling we did used 2 V offset. In part B,
we asked to build RC circuit where we used one resistor and one capacitor as shown in
Figure 2, and we also asked to find the voltage in and out and the ratio using different
frequencies. Most of the time the Vin been between 5.30 5.70, but the Vout start to
change when we got to 10k as you can see in Table 5. We asked the TA about the
6
voltages sometimes just to make sure that we are running the circuit and the results
correctly. After asking the TA, we found that the voltages are V-V peak, so we need to
divide it by two to get the correct results.
Conclusion:
In this experiment, we learned how to use our equipment an analysis circuit using the
equipment we have. we also learned how to read results using the Oscilloscope and
DMM.
7
Common Formal Post-Lab Report Mistakes
Include a cover page that contains your names, student ID #’s (NOT SS#),
experiment number, experiment name and a signed statement indicating that
the work is yours and original. Remember cover page should not be numbered.
Include a table of contents, with only the first page of each section noted
Number all pages (no page number on cover page)
Number your sections/subsections in the main body report and make sure they
match the TOCs
Label all graphs and their axes (include units) and captions
Number all figures and tables, and refer to it each figure and table by number in
your text
For periodic signals, show only 1-2 cycles so you can show more detail
Try to superimpose different curves on the same graph when necessary to mark
and compare the differences/similarities
Be sure to include %-error calculations, and mention whether the %-error is at an
acceptable level and why
Do not have empty columns or rows in your tables
Everything should be typed
Must include analysis of the data. For example if you are trying to prove a
theorem, state the theorem and use the data you collected to prove that theorem
Include lessons learnt, problems faced, etc.
Quality of data
Sufficient data to support
conclusions, accurately
presented in
tables/charts/graphs, correct
use of units/significant digits
Detailed quantitative and
qualitative evaluation of data
performed
Analyze data
Interpret data
Clear interpretation of what the
data means or implies, and
extrapolation to other
experiments that could be
performed
Conclusions drawn are based
upon available data and
defended by domain
knowledge
Use engineering
judgment to draw
conclusions
Structure &
Organization
The sections show a logical
and understandable
organization.
Formatting
Formatting is appropriate and
consistent throughout the
document.
Clarity and The main idea is apparent and
Presentation of Ideas supporting statements are
related to the main idea. The
connection is readily
understandable.
Quality of Graphics, Formatting and numbering of
Figures, Tables, tables and figures is consistent
Equations
and appropriate.
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