Caledonian College Electricity and Power Theft Detection Analysis hi are u ready for the workand in how many days u can finsh itthey are five journals that

Caledonian College Electricity and Power Theft Detection Analysis hi are u ready for the workand in how many days u can finsh itthey are five journals that i need you to critically analyse and compare between them and in the comparison u hv to leave some space for me to put my journal comparison in ISSN(Online): 2319-8753
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
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(A High Impact Factor, Monthly, Peer Reviewed Journal)
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Vol. 6, Issue 11, November 2017
Electricity and Power Theft Detection
Saurabh Singh1, Krishna Yadav2, Harjeet Matharu3, Prachi Singh4, Anvita Birje5
B.E Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thakur college of Engineering and
Technology, Kandivali, Maharashtra, India1
B.E Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thakur college of Engineering and
Technology, Kandivali, Maharashtra, India2
B.E Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thakur college of Engineering and
Technology, Kandivali, Maharashtra, India3
B.E Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thakur college of Engineering and
Technology, Kandivali, Maharashtra, India4
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thakur college of Engineering and
Tecnology,Kandivali, Maharashtra, India5
ABSTRACT: This paper proposes the study the Electricity and Power Theft Detection which aims to detect any theft
related to electricity. Electrical energy is very imperative and important for everyday life and acts as a spine for the
industry. Electricity is in discipline to our daily life and plays an important role in every possible way and so with
increasing need of electricity the corresponding power theft concerning electricity is also increasing .Power theft is a
major problem that continues to plague power sector across the whole country. The objective and motive of this project
is to design a system in order to avoid the displeasure for the users from theft, bill irrespective of the use of the
electricity due to theft. This project deals with theft control system in energy meter. To provide a solution over this,
radio frequency is used to send the signal to the electricity board. The measuring of energy meter and monitoring of IR
sensor is required and it is done with a AT89s52microcontroller. The informative system will be very helpful for the
electricity board to monitor the entire supply and the correct billing accordingly without any mishap or inconvenience.
This model reduces the manual manipulation work and theft control and this leads to precision regarding billing
information. In order to integrate the various parts together we must first properly understand the working of the
different parts that is to be integrated together. A brief study is alone on the components and the technology which we
are going to use in our project and the implementation of this system will save large amount of electricity, and in turn
electricity will be available for more number of consumer then earlier which will very beneficial since it increases the
availability of electricity by reducing the theft related to electricity.
KEYWORDS: Microcontroller, Transistors, Capacitors, Integrated Circuits, Diodes, Resistors, Transformer, Relay
and Liquid Crystal display
I. INTRODUCTION
Power theft is the biggest and major problem in recent times which leads to huge loss to electricity boards. It is very
important to take this issue in to consideration and hence to resolve and to overcome these losses prices are increased.
So if we can prevent this theft related to electricity then we can save lot of power which will in turn be very beneficial.
The normal practice for power theft is to short input output terminals or to place magnet on the wheel in case of old
meters. So by sensing current flow through the line and energy feedback we can prevent it using circuit breaker. In this
system a micro controller is interfaced with an energy metering circuit current sensing circuit, RF communication and a
contactor to make or break power line. In normal condition micro controller reads energy pulses and current signals. If
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DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0611094
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current is drawing and energy pulses are normal then no power is theft. If current is drawing and energy pulses are not
coming then it indicates power theft. So microcontroller trip the o/p using relay. This information is sent to substation
using wireless communication.In section II Literature survey is discussed. Furthermore in section III, IV, V, VI
Proposed system and Methodology, Results and Discussions, Future Scope and Conclusions are discussed. At the end
References are mentioned.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Earlier several cases related to electricity theft generally used to take place in villages because they need more power
requirement for their field to drive water pump and for motors and all the other farm related work which requires
electricity. But now days it is not limited in villages but also industrial area as well as consumer side comes under
power theft. There are various modes of power theft such as Bogus seal and tampering of seals, Meter tampering, meter
tilting, meter interface and meter bypassing, Changing connection, Direct tapping from line, By using remote sensing
device, Improper of illegal use of power meters.
2.1 BOGUS SEAL AND TAMPERING OF SEALS
In this method people and other domestic customers drill holes into meter boxes and attempt to stop the counter
wheels from turning which leads to theft of electricity. Another method of Power theft is by using a strong
magnet and keeping it in front of the disc in the energy meter and thus arresting the rotation of the disc and
connecting the load directly to the power line bypassing the energy meter.
2.2 METER TAMPERING, METER TILTING, METER INTERFACE AND BYPASSING
Many people either use elaborate bypass system or tamper with internal mechanism of the meter and for this they
usually install a bypass system at the weather head where the entrance cable attaches to the house and then runs to the
other side of the house and also to the other side of the meter. Customer can decide when they want electricity to run
through the meter and when they want it to run through the bypass by placing a switch on the bypass. Customer
tampering with the internal mechanisms of the meter can simply lead to bending of the wheel to create a drag.
Alternatively they can also tamper with the meter’s polarity to accomplish a similar objective. They also can modify
registration of electricity by placing resistors in the meter.
2.3 CHANGING CONNECTION
In this method thief try and aims to steal the electricity by making some arrangement inside the meter body e.g.
reversing the motor. It involves the installation of a remote-controlled device in the electronic meters which allows
consumers to switch the meter.
2.4 DIRECT TAPPING FROM LINE
In our project we are going to design a system which will limit the illegal use of power which is theft directly from the
supply. In this technique thief directly try to take power from the transmission line.
2.5 BY USING REMOTE SENSING DEVICE
While the electricity department came up with the idea of installing electronic meters to avoid large instances of meter
tampering, some unscrupulous consumers have managed to find an ingenious way around this as well. Some of the
method to do so involves the use of a remote control to switch one’s meter on or off. In fact this news came as a big
shock to the electricity department itself who had been claiming that their new electronic meters were absolutely
tamper proof. This technique, developed by some local electricians, involves the installation of a remote-controlled
device in the electronic meters which allows consumers to switch the meter off at will. This radio frequency circuit is
installed inside the electronic meters by first heating the seals and then taking them off and then opening the meter to
plant the circuit and at the end sealing it back again. Each circuit has a frequency and a remote matching that frequency
is given to the customer which works just like a normal television remote. This circuit is usually installed between the
neutral and phase wires that go inside and come out of the meter. When the circuit is switched on then the incoming
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DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0611094
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ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710
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Vol. 6, Issue 11, November 2017
current flows out of the meter without going into the circuit that allows the meter to record consumption and this leads
to power theft. There is no existing system for automatic power theft detection. There are many modern tools that assist
in power theft identification like Tamper proof seals and labels, meter leaders, Tamper resistant screws, Check meter
and remote meter readers, Tamper alarms and sensors.
2.6 REMOTE THEFT BY USING GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
The global positioning system is a satellite based navigation system made up of network of satellite placed in to the
orbit. GPS works in any weather conditions and in any part of the world for 24 hours a day.
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 HARDWARE UTILIZATION
The Hardware utilized in this project are Microcontroller, Transistors, Capacitors, Integrated Circuits, Diodes,
Resistors, Transformer, Relay and Liquid Crystal display
Fig.1: Microcontroller
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Fig.2 Liquid Crystal Display
Fig.3 Crystal
3.2 GAP ANALYSIS
In order to determine which technologies needed to be developed and which technologies are available to be adopted, a
gap analysis was conducted. This gap analysis focuses on several desired capabilities of the final product. If a
capability can be acquired without conflicting with another capability using a currently available technology, then there
is no gap. If there is no such technology, then one must be developed in order to attain the desired set of capabilities.
These gaps between available and unavailable technologies must be understood before system development begins in
order to determine the feasibility of the project. The Earlier technique to identify Electricity theft detection and
identification of power was based on using High voltage Distribution System (HVDS). Here in this system generally
the distribution line consists of 230v, but as per the need we will have to step-up the line voltage to 350v by an voltage
regulator. Therefore the line consists of 350v now. But when it comes to distribution side, the voltage is again stepped
down to 230v ac. If anyone tries to tap or direct hooking from line whenever the voltage is at 350v in distribution side
then the electrical apparatus will get damaged due to 350v. But in this technique where with the increase in the voltage
of transmission, the insulation required between the conductors and the earthed tower increases. This increases the cost
of line support. If voltage of transmission increases then more clearance is required between conductors and ground.
Hence higher towers are required. Thus it does not have any provision mode which causes confusion and
inconvenience to the user. In our project, Electricity theft can be easily determined by using RF technology between
substation end and User end. This makes it a User Friendly process.
Fig.4: Power Line Cable
3.3 PROBLEM DEFINITION
In this project wireless technology is used to monitor theft in Electricity meter. An electric meter is a device used for
measuring the amount of electrical energy supplied to a residential or commercial building. Due to the increasing cost
of electricity, the electricity related theft increases and thus tampering and security in electric meters has become a
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major concern for government agencies across the globe. Ineffective and inefficient present methods of detecting and
preventing Power and electricity theft cause a revenue loss along with damage to personal and Public property.
3.4 METHODOLOGY
We have designed the system in such a way so that it finds out the power theft by monitoring the total power
consumption and also by receiving the delivered power data that includes data delivered to a number of users. It will
guide and help us to find if power theft has occurred by determining the amount of difference between them.
Fig.5: Block Diagram of Installed System
Fig.6: Block Diagram of Remote System
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RF transmitter and RF remote controls are built using HT12E and HT12D chips. The remote control is built using RF
encoder chip HT12E that will generate different codes. These codes will be transmitted by 434 MHz RF transmitter. At
the receiving end these codes will be received by 434 MHz RF receiver and decoded by RF decoder chip HT12D.
Sensors will give signal to HT12E and in response to the signal HT12E will respond accordingly. It is a 18 pin IC. Its
functioning includes conversion of bit data input to serial output. It has 12 address lines to send data to particular
receiver. Output of HT12D is connected to MCU at port pin no 1 to 4. In this project we are using UHF frequencies of
RF. LED’s connected at port 2 pin p2.0,p2.1,p2.2,and p2.6. LCD rs, rw, en are connected to p2.5, p2.4 and p2.3. HT12
E and HT12D s pin 1 to 9 connected to ground. These are address pins of HT12E and HT12D. Pin no 10 to 14 of HT12
E are inputs of IC and 17 no pin is the output pin. Pin no 10 -14 of HT12D is the ouput pin and pin no 14 is input pin.
Crystal pin of HT12E is 15 and 16. In this project we will make one transmitter and RF receiver. RF remote control is
built using HT12E and HT12D chips. The remote control is built using RF encoder chip HT12E that will generate
different codes. These codes will be transmitted by 434 MHz RF transmitter. At the receiving side these codes will be
received by 434 MHz RF receiver and decoded by RF decoder chip HT12D.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 SIGNIFICANCE
The daily reports and complains concerning the theft related to Electricity can be brought under control and also
eliminated to a larger extent · in most of the cases the consumers where not know about the theft of electricity in his/her
electricity meter so due to this project the consumers will also be benefitted since now they will aware of any mishap or
theft in their electricity meter. Also with the help of this project we can reduce the total illegal use of power and hence
save electricity for both present and future use. The system only requires a onetime installation cost and then can be
used for lifetime without any inconvenience.
4.2 ALGORITHM
The Testing and Troubleshooting algorithm is carried out as follows:
1. Prepare the complete hardware by mounting as per the circuit diagram.
2. The software is prepared for microcontroller (DEPENDING ON MODEL)
3. Required programming is done and after programming the IC was put on PCB.
4. A 5 volt Dc supply from the power supply was connected to the hardware after the soldering of circuit is over
5. Lastly the problem occurred during testing was initiated.
4.3 TESTING AND CALIBRATION
To begin with the test we have to firstly inspect visually the PCB for proper connectivity and then we have to apply
power supply to the bare board checking all the Vcc and ground tracks. Next we have to mount the components step by
step keeping its size, width, weight etc it to consideration.
4.4 TESTING OF POWERSUPPLY
For power supply we have used regulator IC 7805. It has 3 pins that is input, output and ground. Input range of IC 7805
regulator varies from 7.5 to 35 volt and the maximum current is about 1 ampere. The current more than 1 ampere tends
to damage the IC. To check the functioning of the IC we can apply any voltage within range and at the output we must
get 5 volt reading. Also vary the input voltage or output current and check the output voltage and if must give a
constant 12 volt reading. If both the above mentioned condition is satisfied then we can consider the IC to be good.
4.5 TESTING OF MICROCONTROLLER
In microcontroller testing we will first have to check whether all 40 pins are properly attached with IC or not. After
doing so the next step would be to check the crystal circuit connection and reset the circuit. While we test the
microcontroller it gets reset because voltage was less. Thus microcontroller was getting hanged. On more capacitor is
added of 1000µf. At first we used 100µf, but it was not sufficient and good enough and hence we used 1000µf since it
was giving its associated ideal result as we expected.
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DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0611094
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Vol. 6, Issue 11, November 2017
4.6 CHECK SYSTEM BEFORE INSTALLATION
Installation of the system is the most important step and extra care must be taken before we install the system. If the
system is not in working state then it is not recommended and also worthless to run the application. So before
installation of the application, it has to be checked whether the system is working or not. It should be taken care that
power does not fluctuate when the system is installed because it can damage the system and hence the fluctuation of
power should be eliminated so as to begin with final installation of the system. Lastly we should ensure that the
connection is made properly.
4.7 RESULTS
The Final Project was tested and the following were the obtained results:
1. If there is no electricity theft between the Transmitter and Receiver end then the Project works in the Normal Mode
2. If there is a theft of electricity between the Transmitter and Receiver then the person in charge of Substation end will
automatically came to know about the theft of electricity in the system.
Fig.7: Connection of Entire project
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DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0611094
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
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Vol. 6, Issue 11, November 2017
Fig.8: Indication of power theft through Red LED
V. FUTURE SCOPE
It requires only one time installation cost after installation this can be used with ease for lifetime which acts as a great
advantage. This project can be implemented in industries and any such places which require a large amount of
electricity which will ensure that no wastage or any related theft of electricity takes place. It will completely eliminate
the power theft and will increase revenue for the Government and contribute to the betterment of the society. We can
make this project more users friendly by introducing a GSM …
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