CU Privacy and Ethical Considerations in Information Management Research Paper This final paper should reflect your best writing acumen; there is a potenti

CU Privacy and Ethical Considerations in Information Management Research Paper This final paper should reflect your best writing acumen; there is a potential to earn double points for this paper.

The final portfolio project is a three- part activity. You will respond to three separate prompts but prepare your paper as one research paper. Be sure to include at least one UC library source per prompt, in addition to your textbook (which means you’ll have at least 4 sources cited).

Start your paper with an introductory paragraph.

Prompt 1 “Data Warehouse Architecture” (2-3 pages): Explain the major components of a data warehouse architecture, including the various forms of data transformations needed to prepare data for a data warehouse. Also, describe in your own words current key trends in data warehousing.

Prompt 2 “Big Data” (1-2 pages): Describe your understanding of big data and give an example of how you have seen big data used either personally or professionally. In your view, what demands is big data placing on organizations and data management technology?

Prompt 3 “Green Computing” (1-2 pages): One of our topics in Chapter 13 and an article you read, surrounds IT Green Computing. The need for green computing is becoming more obvious considering the amount of power needed to drive our computers, servers, routers, switches, and data centers. Discuss ways in which organizations can make their data centers “green”. In your discussion, find an example of an organization that has already implemented IT green computing strategies successfully. Discuss that organization and share your link. You can find examples in the UC Library.

Conclude your paper with a detailed conclusion section.

The paper needs to be approximately 5-8 pages long, including both a title page and a references page (for a total of 7-10 pages). Be sure to use proper APA formatting and citations to avoid plagiarism.

Your research paper should meet the following requirements:

Be approximately 5-8 pages in length, not including the required (separate) cover page and reference page.
Follow APA6 guidelines. Your paper should include an introduction, a body with fully developed content, and a conclusion.
Support your answers with the readings from the course and at least two scholarly journal articles to support your positions, claims, and observations, in addition to your textbook. The UC Library is a great place to find resources.
Be clear and well-written, concise, and logical, using excellent grammar and style techniques. You are being graded in part on the quality of your writing.

Please use proper citations and above 5-10 references and below 5% plagiarism. Managing and Using Information Systems:
A Strategic Approach – Seventh Edition
Keri Pearlson, Carol Saunders,
and Dennis Galletta
© Copyright 2016
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 13
Privacy and Ethical Considerations
in Managing Information
Three Breaches: TJX, Target, Home Depot
• TJX Co: largest security breach of its computer system
in the history of retailing: 90 million customer records
were stolen
• Target: 40 million; Home Depot: 56 million
• All had to decide between notifying their customers
immediately, or waiting the 45 days allowed by the
jurisdictions.
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3
Outcomes
• Target:
• Stock fell 9% a few days after disclosure
• Profits fell 46% in the following quarter
• TJX:
• Stock fell 8%
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
4
Cybersecurity Bill, 18 Dec, 2014
•
•
•
•
Supports R&D to develop best practices
Supports education in the area
Prepares the workforce
Federal agencies need a cybersecurity plan:
• Guarantee individual privacy, verify software and
hardware, address insider threats
• Determine the origin of messages
• Protect cloud information and data transmission
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
5
New norms of Business Ethics
• Managers must assess initiatives from an ethical
point of view
• Most managers are not trained in ethics, philosophy,
and moral reasoning
• Difficult to determine or discuss social norms
• Three theories of business ethics are useful for
assessing an initiative
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
6
Figure 12.1 Three normative theories of business ethics.
Theory
Definition
Metrics
Stockholder
Maximize stockholder
wealth in legal and nonfraudulent manners.
Will this action maximize stockholder
value? Can goals be accomplished
without compromising company
standards and without breaking laws?
Stakeholder
Maximize benefits to all
stakeholders while weighing
costs to competing
interests.
Does the proposed action maximize
collective benefits to the company?
Does this action treat one of the
corporate stakeholders unfairly?
Social contract
Create value for society in a
manner that is just and
nondiscriminatory.
Does this action create a “net” benefit
for society? Does the proposed action
discriminate against any group in
particular, and is its implementation
socially just?
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Stockholder Theory
• Stockholders advance capital to corporate managers
who act as agents in advancing their ends.
• Managers are bound to the interests of the
shareholders (maximize shareholder value).
• Manager’s duties:
• Bound to employ legal, non-fraudulent means.
• Must take long view of shareholder interest.
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
8
Stakeholder Theory
• Stakeholders are:
• Any group that vitally affects corporate survival and
success.
• Any group whose interests the corporation vitally
affects.
• Management must balance the rights of all
stakeholders without impinging upon the rights of
any one particular stakeholder
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
9
Social Contract Theory
• Corporations are expected to create more value to
society that it consumes.
• Social contract:
• 1. Social welfare – corporations must produce greater
benefits than their associated costs.
• 2. Justice – corporations must pursue profits legally,
without fraud or deception, and avoid actions that
harm society.
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
10
The Three Normative Theories
• How do they apply to TJX, Target, Home Depot?
• What are the advantages of notifying customers
early?
• What are the advantages of waiting as long as
legally permitted?
• What are the advantages of finding a way to avoid
notifying customers?
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
11
Big Data
• Can guess income from zip code
• Therefore, can identify targets from zip codes
• Should you pass up the opportunity to alert
potential customers of your products?
• If not, your competitors will get there first!
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
12
Interesting Outcomes
• Pregnant daughter – Target knew and accidentally
alerted her dad. How?
• Buying habits were shared by other pregnant
women:
• Unscented soap
• Cotton balls
• Vitamins
• How did Target reveal this to the dad?
• Target sent her some ads for diapers and
maternity clothes
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
13
New Study in Science
• Take a file from a credit card agency, with
disguised credit card numbers: 1.1 million records
• 90% of the identities can be found by connecting
three things
• Information easily found on Instagram, Facebook,
FourSquare
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
14
Ethical Tensions with Governments
• UAE tried to require RIM to disclose confidential
information for national security
• Sony Pictures had a project ruined by North Korean
threats
• Google’s features are restricted in China
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
15
Mason’s areas of managerial concern
“PAPA”
Area
Critical Questions
Privacy
What information must a person reveal about one’s self to
others?
What information should others be able to access about you –
with or without your permission? What safeguards exist for
your protection?
Accuracy
Who is responsible for the reliability and accuracy of
information? Who will be accountable for errors?
Property
Who owns information? Who owns the channels of
distribution, and how should they be regulated?
Accessibility What information does a person or an organization have a
right to obtain, under what conditions, and with what
safeguards?
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
16
Privacy
• The right to be left alone
• Possessing and using the “best” information helps
an organization win
• High priority: Keeping it safe and secure
• Regulations cover the authorized collection,
disclosure and use of personal information
• But is it clear enough?
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
17
Privacy Paradox
• Convenience vs privacy
• Make it harder for criminals to steal information, it
will be less convenient for genuine users
• 15,000 customers in 15 countries:
• Overall, 51% said they wouldn’t trade off privacy for
convenience; 27% said they would.
• India: 40% wouldn’t; 48% would
• Germany: 70% wouldn’t; 12% would
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
18
What about Actual Behavior?
• Teens repeatedly demonstrate a lack of concern about
privacy
• Often they regret their decisions
• 70% of recruiters have rejected candidates for postings
they found online
• But only 20% strengthened their privacy settings when
Facebook began allowing it
• Privacy is valued more in Europe than in the US
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
19
Software or Site Terms of Service
• Ignored widely, often due to length and legal
language
• Pen Pal’s Terms of Service are longer than Hamlet
• Fewer than 2% read the terms
• A UK site included selling a person’s immortal soul
and thousands accepted it.
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
20
Cookies
• Can access only the cookie it created!
• So what’s the concern?
• Easy. Have a third party place content on your
page
• Widespread practice: DoubleClick has content on
thousands of sites
• But back to convenience: Without cookies, you
could not have a “shopping cart”
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Accuracy
• Controls are needed to ensure accuracy
• Data entry errors must be controlled and managed
carefully
• Data must also be kept up to date
• Removing data after needed or when legally
mandated is not easy
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
22
Bank of America Example
• What did Bank of America do to the couple near
Christmas?
• Just from checking out refinancing rates,
appearance of risk rose
• B of A admitted error but neglected to report this
to credit agencies
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
23
Property
•
•
•
•
Mass quantities of data are stored
Who owns the data?
Who has rights to it?
Who owns the images that are posted in cyberspace?
Photographer? Subject? Facebook?
• Proper ownership implies legal rights but duties too
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Accessibility
• Access to systems and their data is paramount
• Users must be able to access this data from any
location (if legal and it can be properly secured)
• Major issue – how to create and maintain access to
information for society at large
• This access needs to be limited to those who have a
right to see and use it (to limit identity theft).
• Also, adequate security measures must be in place on
their business partners’ end.
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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What Should a Manager Do?
• Create a culture of responsibility
• Post policies
• Implement governance processes for information
control
• Avoid decoupling responsibility
• i.e., make Managers responsible for their decisions
that lead to privacy problems
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Green Computing
• The digital economy uses 10% of the world’s
energy
• In 2007, the 5 largest search companies used 2.4
gigawatts.
• Hoover Dam only generates 2.0
• Since then it has reduced thanks to “green”
efforts in data centers
• Virtualization
• Relocation for more natural cooling
• e.g., Google in Finland
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
27
Triple Bottom Line Impact
• TBL (3BL)
• People: Being socially responsible
• Planet: Saving the environment
• Profit: Saving money
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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