Miami Dade Japanese & Jews Heritages Cultural Development Discussion Please read the instructions below and do this research following all these steps in o
Miami Dade Japanese & Jews Heritages Cultural Development Discussion Please read the instructions below and do this research following all these steps in order
Read chapter 18 and 19 of the class textbook and review the attached PowerPoint presentation. Once done present a 700 words essay discussing the Haitian and Iranian Heritages. The essay must contained the following;
1. Discuss the cultural development of the Japanese and the Jewish heritage.
2. What are the cultural beliefs of the Japanese and Jewish heritage related to health care and how they influence the delivery of evidence-based healthcare?
A minimum of 700 words, 4 evidence-based references no older than 5 years (excluding the class the class textbook)
Style: APA
References: 4
Double space
Please let me know if you have any questions.
Thank you Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Culture
Larry Purnell, PhD, RN, FAAN
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Overview/Heritage
? The term Jewish refers to a people, a culture,
and a religion; it is not a race.
? The religion is practiced along a wide
continuum that ranges from liberal Reform to
strict Orthodox.
? Instances occur within the ultra-Orthodox
communities when individuals cannot make
decisions without consulting their rabbis.
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Overview/Heritage
? A child born from the union of a Jewish father
and a non-Jewish mother is recognized as
Jewish by those in the Reform movement but
not by those in the Orthodox movement.
? Over 6 million Jews live throughout the
United States. The migration of Jews from
Europe began to increase in the mid-1800s
because of the fear of religious persecution.
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Overview/Heritage
? The greatest influx of Jews occurred between
1880 and 1920.
? Many came from Russia and Eastern Europe
after a wave of pogroms (religious
persecutions.) Most families in America today
are descendants of these eastern European and
Russian immigrants and are referred to as
Ashkenazi Jews.
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Overview/Heritage
? Sephardic Jews, on the other hand, are from
Spain, Portugal, the Mediterranean, North
Africa, and South and Central America.
? A Sabra is a Jew who was born in Israel.
? Falasha are black Jews from Ethiopia.
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Overview Heritage
? In general, this population is well educated. A
high percentage has succeeded in professional
vocations.
? Throughout their history, Jews have placed a
major emphasis on education and social
justice through social action.
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Communication
? English is the primary language of Jewish
Americans.
? Although Hebrew is used for prayers, it is
generally not used for conversation.
? Many elderly Ashkenazi Jews who immigrated
early in the 20th century or who are firstgeneration Americans speak Yiddish, a JudeoGerman dialect.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Communication
? Many Yiddish terms have worked their way
into English: kvetch (someone who complains
a lot); chutzpah (clever audacity); bagel (a
circular roll of bread with a hole in the
middle); tush, tushie, or tuchus (buttocks);
ghetto (a restricted area where certain groups
live); klutz (a clumsy person); shlep (drag or
carry); kosher (legal or okay); and oy, oy vey
(oh my), and veys mir (woe is me).
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Communication
? Hebrew is read from right to left, and books are
opened from the opposite side compared with
English books.
? As a way to cope/communicate, Jews frequently
use humor, but jokes are considered to be
insensitive when they reinforce mainstream
stereotypes, such as implying that Jews are cheap
or pampered (eg, Jewish American princess). Any
jokes that refer to the Holocaust or concentration
camps are also inappropriate.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Communication
? Modesty especially among the Orthodox is
seen in the Orthodox style of dress.
? Jews are encouraged not to show off or
constantly try to impress others.
? Hasidic men are not permitted to touch a
woman other than their wives. They often keep
their hands in their pockets to avoid touch.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Communication
? Because women are considered seductive,
Hasidic men may not engage in idle talk with
them nor look directly at their faces.
? Non-Hasidic Jews may be much more informal
and may use touch and short spatial distance
when communicating.
? Jewish time orientation is simultaneously to the
past, the present, and the future.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Communication
? The Jewish format for names follows the Western
tradition. The given name comes first and is
followed by the family surname. Only the given
name is used with friends and in informal
situations.
? In more formal situations, the surname is
preceded by the appropriate title of Mr., Miss,
Ms., Mrs., or Dr.
? In ultra-Orthodox circles, children are not
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Family Roles and Organization
? Jewish school-age children typically attend
Hebrew school at least two afternoons a week
after public school throughout the school year.
? Children play an active role in most holiday
celebrations and services.
? Respecting and honoring ones parents is one of
the Ten Commandments.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Family Roles and Organization
? In Judaism, the age of majority is 13 years for a
boy and 12 for a girl, at which age children are
deemed capable of differentiating right from
wrong and capable of committing themselves to
performing the commandments. Recognition of
adulthood occurs during a religious ceremony
called a bar or bat mitzvah (son or daughter of
the commandment).
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Family Roles and Organization
? The goal of the Orthodox family is to live their
lives as prescribed by halakhah (Code of Jewish
Law), which emphasizes maintaining health,
promoting education, and helping others.
? Ultra-observant women must physically separate
themselves from all men during their menstrual
periods and after for 7 days. No man may touch a
woman or sit where she sat until she has been to
the mikveh, a ritual bath, after her period is over.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Family Roles and Organization
? Older people receive respect, especially for the
wisdom they have to share.
? Honoring ones parents is a lifelong endeavor
and includes maintaining their dignity by feeding,
clothing, and sheltering them, even if they suffer
from senility.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Family Roles and Organization
? The Bible, as interpreted by the Orthodox,
prohibits homosexual intercourse; it says
nothing specifically about sex between lesbians.
? Some of the objections to gay and lesbian
lifestyles include the inability of these unions to
fulfill the commandment of procreation and the
possibility that acting on the recognition of ones
homosexuality could ruin a marriage.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Family Roles and Organization
? The liberal movement within Judaism supports
legal and social equality for lesbians and gays.
? Jews who observe the Sabbath must have off
Friday evening and Saturday. They may work
on Sundays.
? Judaisms beliefs are congruent with the values
of the dominant American society.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Biocultural Ecology
? Skin coloring for Ashkenazi Jews ranges from fair
skin and blonde hair to darker skin and brunette
hair.
? Sephardic Jews have slightly darker skin tones
and hair coloring.
? There are also Jewish groups throughout Africa
who are black, most notably the Falasha from
Ethiopia.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Biocultural Ecology
? Genetic risk factors vary based on whether the
family immigrated from Ashkenazi or Sephardic
areas.
? There is a greater incidence of some genetic
disorders among Ashkenazi individuals.
? Most of these disorders are autosomalrecessive, meaning that both parents carry the
affected gene.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Biocultural Ecology
? Common genetic, hereditary, and other health
conditions of the Jewish population include Tay-Sachs
disease, Gauchers disease, Canavans disease, familial
dysautonomia, torsion dystonia, Niemann-Pick disease,
Bloom syndrome, Fanconis anemia, mucolipidosis IV,
lactase deficiency, Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, kaposi
sarcoma, Phenylketonuria, ataxia-telangiectasia,
metachromatic leukodystrophy, myopia, polycythemia
vera, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, breast,
ovarian, and colorectal cancer, and inflammatory bowel
disease.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish High-Risk Health Behaviors
? Any substance or act that harms the body is not
allowed. This includes smoking, suicide, illegal
medications, and permanent tattooing.
? Most Jews are health-conscious and practice
preventive health care with routine physical,
dental, and vision screening.
? This is also a well-immunized population.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Nutrition
? For Jews who follow the dietary laws, much
attention is given to the slaughter, preparation,
and consumption of food.
? Perhaps the food identified as Jewish that
receives the most attention is chicken soup,
which has frequently been referred to as Jewish
penicillin.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Nutrition
Common foods include:
? Gefilte fish (ground freshwater fish molded into oblong balls
and served cold with horseradish)
? Challah (braided white bread)
? Kugel (noodle pudding)
? Blintzes (crepes filled with a sweet cottage cheese)
? Chopped liver (served cold)
? Hamentashen (a triangular pastry with different types of
filling)
? Lox (a cold smoked salmon) is served with cream cheese
and salad vegetables on a bagel.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Nutrition
? Religious laws regarding permissible foods are
referred to as kashrut.
? The term kosher means fit to eat. Foods are
divided into those that are considered kosher
(permitted or clean) and those considered
(forbidden or unclean).
? A permitted animal may be rendered treyf if it is
not slaughtered, cooked, or served properly. All
blood is drained from the animal before eating
it.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Nutrition
? Milk and meat may not be mixed together in
cooking, serving, or eating.
? To avoid mixing foods, utensils used to prepare
foods and the plates used to serve them are
separated, requiring two sets of dishes, pots, and
utensils. One set is reserved for milk products
and the other for meat.
? Because glass is not absorbent, it can be used
for either meat or milk products, although
religious households still usually have two sets.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Nutrition
? Therefore, cheeseburgers, lasagna made with
meat, and grated cheese on meatballs and
spaghetti is unacceptable.
? Milk cannot be used in coffee if served with a
meat meal. Nondairy creamers can be used
instead, as long as they do not contain sodium
caseinate, which is derived from milk.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Nutrition
? Some foods are parve (neutral) and may be
used with either dairy or meat dishes. These
include fish, eggs, anything grown in the soil
(vegetables, fruits, coffee, sugar, and spices),
and chemically produced goods.
? Mammals are considered clean if they meet the
requirements for their slaughter and have split
(cloven) hooves and chew their cud.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Nutrition
? The pig is an example of an animal that does not
meet kosher criteria.
? Although liberal Jews decide for themselves which
dietary laws they will follow, many still avoid pork
and pork products out of a sense of tradition and
symbolism.
? Poultry is acceptable as well as fish if it has both
fins and scales.
? Nothing that crawls on its belly is allowed, including
shellfish, tortoises, and frogs.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Nutrition
? In religious homes, meat is prepared for
cooking by soaking and salting it to drain all the
blood from the flesh.
? Broiling is acceptable, especially for liver,
because it drains the blood.
? One must always wash ones hands before
eating. Religious Jews wash their hands while
reciting a prayer.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Nutrition
? A U with a circle around it ( U ) is the seal of the
Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of
America and is used on food products to
indicate that they are kosher.
? A circled K ( K ) and other symbols may also be
found on packaging to indicate that a product is
kosher.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Nutrition
? During the week of Passover, no bread or product with
yeast may be eaten. Matzoh (unleavened bread) is
eaten instead. Any product that is fermented or that
can cause fermentation (souring) may not be eaten.
? Rather than attend synagogue, the family conducts the
service (seder) around the dinner table during the first
two nights and incorporates dinner into a service that
includes all participants and retells the story of Moses
and the exodus from Egypt.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Nutrition
? The Jewish calendar has a number of fast days.
The most observed is the holiest day of the
year, Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).
? Jews abstain from food and drink as they pray
to God for forgiveness for the sins they have
committed during the past year. They eat an
early dinner on the evening the holiday begins
and then fast until after sunset the following day.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Nutrition
? Ill people, the elderly, the young, pregnant and
nursing women, and the physically
incapacitated are absolved from fasting and
may need to be reminded of this exception to
Jewish law.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
ClickerCheck
Religious laws regarding permissible foods are
referred to as
a. Kashrut.
b. Halal.
c. Kosher.
d. Treyf.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Correct Answer
Correct answer: A
The religious laws regarding permissible foods are
referred to as kashrut.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Pregnancy and Childbearing
Practices
? Couples who are unable to conceive should try
all possible means to have children, including
infertility counseling and interventions, including
egg and sperm donation.
? Orthodox opinion is virtually unanimous in
prohibiting artificial insemination when the semen
donor is not the womans husband.
? When all natural attempts have been made,
adoption may be pursued.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Pregnancy and Childbearing
Practices
? Unless pregnancy jeopardizes the life or health of the
mother, contraception is not looked on favorably among
the ultra-Orthodox.
? Condom use is supported, especially when unprotected
sexual intercourse poses a medical risk to either
spouse.
? To the Orthodox, barrier techniques are not acceptable
because they interfere with the full mobility of the sperm
in its natural course.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Pregnancy and Childbearing
Practices
? The birth control pill does not result in any permanent
sterilization, nor does it prevent semen from traveling its
normal route.
? Sterilization implies permanence, and Orthodox Jews
probably oppose this practice, unless the life of the
mother is in danger.
? Reform Judaism allows free choice.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Pregnancy and Childbearing
Practices
? The fetus is not considered a living soul or
person until it has been born.
? Birth is determined when the head or greater
part is born. If the physical or mental health of a
pregnant woman is endangered by the fetus, all
branches of Judaism consider the fetus an
aggressor and require an abortion.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Pregnancy and Childbearing
Practices
? Random abortion is not permitted by the
Orthodox branch because the fetus is part of the
mothers body and one must not do harm to
ones body.
? Reform Judaism believes that a woman
maintains control over her own body and that it
is up to her whether to abort a fetus.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Pregnancy and Childbearing
Practices
? A Hasidic husband may not touch his wife
during labor and may choose not to attend the
delivery because he is not permitted to view his
wifes genitals.
? These behaviors should never be interpreted as
insensitivity.
? Pain medication during delivery is acceptable.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Pregnancy and Childbearing
Practices
? For male infants, circumcision, which is both a
medical procedure and a religious rite, is
performed on the 8th day of life by a mohel, an
individual trained in the circumcision procedure,
asepsis, and the religious ceremony.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Pregnancy and Childbearing
Practices
? Although a rabbi is not necessary, it is also
possible to have the procedure completed by a
physician with a rabbi present to say the
blessings.
? Attending a brit milah is the only mitzvah for
which religious Jews must violate the Sabbath
so that the brit can be completed at the proper
time.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Death Rituals
? Traditional Judaism believes in an afterlife where
the soul continues to flourish, although many
dispute this interpretation.
? A dying person is considered a living person in all
respects.
? Active euthanasia is forbidden for religious Jews.
? Passive euthanasia may be allowed depending
on its interpretation.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Death Rituals
? Taking ones own life is prohibited. To the ultrareligious, suicide removes all possibility of
repentance.
? The dying person should not be left alone.
? Any Jew may ask Gods forgiveness for his or
her sins; no confessor is needed.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Death Rituals
? Some Jews feel solace in saying the Shma in
Hebrew or English. This prayer confirms ones
belief in one God.
? At the time of death, the nearest relative can
gently close the eyes and mouth, and the face is
covered with a sheet.
? The body is treated with respect and revered for
the function it once filled.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Jewish Death Rituals
? For the ultra-Orthodox, after the body is wrapped,
it is briefly placed on the floor with the fee…
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