BSC1005 Florida Central Chapter 1 Basic Chemistry for Biology Students Paper – Below I left you the name of the 3 lessons for this chapter, with 3 links to
BSC1005 Florida Central Chapter 1 Basic Chemistry for Biology Students Paper – Below I left you the name of the 3 lessons for this chapter, with 3 links to youtube videos and I attached you 3 pdf that you should review before start writing.
– Knowledge about the YouTube videos and the PDFs should be demonstrated on the discussion you will write.
Writing question:
Which of the topics in this module did you find most relevant to your everyday life? Explain how the topic relates to your life and why it important to you. Please include the Lesson number (e.g., Lesson 1, Lesson 2, or Lesson 3) and the topic or concept in the title line for your post .
Lesson 1: The Scientific Study of Life
Lesson 2: The Nature of Life
hghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F38BmgPcZ_I
Lesson 3: Major Themes in Biology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7tQIB4UdiY Chapter
1
Introduction:
Biology Today
PowerPoint® Lectures created by Edward J. Zalisko for
Campbell Essential Biology, Sixth Edition, and
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Fifth Edition
Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan, and Jane B. Reece
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Biology and Society: An Innate Passion for Life
Most of us have an inherent interest in life, an
inborn curiosity of the natural world that leads us to
explore and study animals and plants and their
habitats.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.0-1
Why Biology Matters
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
1
Figure 1.0-1a
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.0-1b
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.0-1c
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
2
Figure 1.0-2
Biology All Around Us
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Biology and Society: An Innate Passion for Life
Life is relevant and important to you, no matter
your background or goals.
The subject of biology is woven into the fabric of
society.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Scientific Study of Life
Biology is the scientific study of life. But
what is a scientific study and
what does it mean to be alive?
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3
The Process of Science
How do we tell the difference between science and
other ways of trying to make sense of nature?
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Process of Science
Science is an approach to understanding the
natural world that is based on inquiry:
a search for information,
explanations, and
answers to specific questions.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Process of Science
This basic human drive to understand our natural
world is manifest in two main scientific approaches:
discovery science, which is mostly about describing
nature, and
hypothesis-driven science, which is mostly about
explaining nature.
Most scientists practice a combination of these two
forms of inquiry.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
4
Discovery Science
Science seeks natural causes for natural
phenomena.
This limits the scope of science to the study of
structures and processes that we can
verifiably observe and
measure directly or indirectly with the help of tools
and technology, such as microscopes.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.1
TYPES OF MICROGRAPHS
Scanning Electron
Transmission Electron
Light Micrograph (LM)
Micrograph (SEM)
Micrograph (TEM)
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.1-1
Light Micrograph (LM)
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
5
Figure 1.1-2
Scanning Electron
Micrograph (SEM)
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.1-3
Transmission Electron
Micrograph (TEM)
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Discovery Science
Recorded observations are called data, and data
are the items of information on which scientific
inquiry is based.
This dependence on verifiable data
demystifies nature and
distinguishes science from supernatural beliefs.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
6
Discovery Science
Science can neither prove nor disprove that angels,
ghosts, deities, or spirits, whether benevolent or
evil, cause storms, eclipses, illnesses, or cure
diseases, because such explanations are not
measurable and are therefore outside the bounds
of science.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Discovery Science
Verifiable observations and measurements are the
data of discovery science.
Charles Darwins careful description of the diverse
plants and animals he observed in South America is
an example of discovery science.
Jane Goodall spent decades observing and
recording the behavior of chimpanzees living in the
jungles of Tanzania.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.2
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
7
Figure 1.2-1
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.2-2
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hypothesis-Driven Science
The observations of discovery science motivate us
to ask questions and seek explanations.
As a formal process of inquiry, the scientific
method consists of a series of steps that provide a
loose guideline for scientific investigations.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
8
Hypothesis-Driven Science
There is no single formula for successfully
discovering something new.
Instead, the scientific method suggests a broad
outline for how discovery might proceed.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.3-s1 Applying the scientific method to a common problem (step 1)
Observation
The remote
doesnt
work.
Question
Whats
wrong?
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.3-s2 Applying the scientific method to a common problem (step 2)
Observation
The remote
doesnt
work.
Question
Whats
wrong?
Hypothesis
The
batteries
are dead.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
9
Figure 1.3-s3 Applying the scientific method to a common problem (step 3)
Observation
The remote
doesnt
work.
Question
Whats
wrong?
Hypothesis
The
batteries
are dead.
Prediction
With new
batteries, it
will work.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.3-s4 Applying the scientific method to a common problem (step 4)
Observation
The remote
doesnt
work.
Question
Whats
wrong?
Hypothesis
The
batteries
are dead.
Prediction
With new
batteries, it
will work.
Experiment
Replace
batteries.
Experiment
supports
hypothesis;
make more
predictions
and test.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.3-s5 Applying the scientific method to a common problem (step 5)
Observation
The remote
doesnt
work.
Question
Whats
wrong?
Revise.
Experiment
does not
support
hypothesis.
Hypothesis
The
batteries
are dead.
Prediction
With new
batteries, it
will work.
Experiment
Replace
batteries.
Experiment
supports
hypothesis;
make more
predictions
and test.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
10
Hypothesis-Driven Science
Most modern scientific investigations can be
described as hypothesis-driven science.
A hypothesis is
a tentative answer to a question or
a proposed explanation for a set of observations.
A good hypothesis immediately leads to predictions
that can be tested by experiments.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.3-s1 Applying the scientific method to a common problem (step 1)
Observation
The remote
doesnt
work.
Question
Whats
wrong?
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.3-s2 Applying the scientific method to a common problem (step 2)
Observation
The remote
doesnt
work.
Question
Whats
wrong?
Hypothesis
The
batteries
are dead.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
11
Figure 1.3-s3 Applying the scientific method to a common problem (step 3)
Observation
The remote
doesnt
work.
Question
Whats
wrong?
Hypothesis
The
batteries
are dead.
Prediction
With new
batteries, it
will work.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.3-s4 Applying the scientific method to a common problem (step 4)
Observation
The remote
doesnt
work.
Question
Whats
wrong?
Hypothesis
The
batteries
are dead.
Prediction
With new
batteries, it
will work.
Experiment
Replace
batteries.
Experiment
supports
hypothesis;
make more
predictions
and test.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.3-s5 Applying the scientific method to a common problem (step 5)
Observation
The remote
doesnt
work.
Question
Whats
wrong?
Revise.
Experiment
does not
support
hypothesis.
Hypothesis
The
batteries
are dead.
Prediction
With new
batteries, it
will work.
Experiment
Replace
batteries.
Experiment
supports
hypothesis;
make more
predictions
and test.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
12
Hypothesis-Driven Science
Once a hypothesis is formed, an investigator can
make predictions about what results are expected if
that hypothesis is correct.
We then test the hypothesis by performing an
experiment to see whether or not the results are as
predicted.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hypothesis-Driven Science
The scientific method is therefore just a
formalization of how you already think and act.
Having a firm grasp of science as a process of
inquiry can therefore help you in many ways in your
life outside the classroom.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hypothesis-Driven Science
Scientific investigations are not the only way of
knowing nature.
Science and religion are two very different ways of
trying to make sense of nature.
Art is yet another way to make sense of the world
around us.
A broad education should include exposure to all
these different ways of viewing the world.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
13
Theories in Science
Accumulating facts is not the primary goal of
science.
Facts are
verifiable observations and repeatable experimental
results and
the prerequisites of science.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Theories in Science
But what really advances science are new theories
that tie together a number of observations that
previously seemed unrelated.
The cornerstones of science are the explanations
that apply to the greatest variety of phenomena.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Theories in Science
People like Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, and
Albert Einstein stand out in the history of science
not because they discovered a great many facts
but because their theories had such broad
explanatory power.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
14
Theories in Science
What is a scientific theory, and how is it different
from a hypothesis?
A scientific theory is much broader in scope than a
hypothesis.
A theory
is a comprehensive explanation
supported by abundant evidence, and
is general enough to spin off many new testable
hypotheses.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Theories in Science
For example, these are two hypotheses.
1. White fur is an adaptation that helps polar bears
survive in an Arctic habitat.
2. The unusual bone structure in a hummingbirds
wings is an evolutionary adaptation that provides
an advantage in gathering nectar from flowers.
In contrast, the following theory ties together those
seemingly unrelated hypotheses:
Adaptations to the local environment evolve by
natural selection.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Theories in Science
Theories only become widely accepted by
scientists if they
are supported by an accumulation of extensive and
varied evidence and
have not been contradicted by any scientific data.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
15
Theories in Science
The use of the term theory by scientists contrasts
with our everyday usage, which implies untested
speculation (Its just a theory!).
We use the word theory in our everyday speech
the way that a scientist uses the word hypothesis.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
16
Chapter
1
Introduction:
Biology Today
PowerPoint® Lectures created by Edward J. Zalisko for
Campbell Essential Biology, Sixth Edition, and
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Fifth Edition
Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan, and Jane B. Reece
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Nature of Life
What is life?
What distinguishes living things from nonliving
things?
The phenomenon of life seems to defy a simple,
one-sentence definition.
We recognize life mainly by what living things do.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Properties of Life
Figure 1.4 highlights seven of the properties and
processes associated with life.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
1
Figure 1.4-1
(a) Order
(b) Regulation
(c) Growth and development
(d) Energy processing
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.4-1a
(a) Order
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.4-1b
(b) Regulation
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
2
Figure 1.4-1c
(c) Growth and development
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.4-1d
(d) Energy processing
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.4-2
(f) Reproduction
(e) Response to the environment
(g) Evolution
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3
Figure 1.4-2a
(e) Response to the environment
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.4-2b
(f) Reproduction
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.4-2c
(g) Evolution
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
4
The Properties of Life
The Mars rover Curiosity
has been exploring the surface of the red planet
since 2012 and
contains several instruments designed to identify
biosignatures, substances that provide evidence of
past or present life.
As of yet, no definitive signs of the properties of life
have been detected, and the search continues.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.5
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Life in Its Diverse Forms
The tarsier shown in Figure 1.6 is just one of about
1.8 million identified species on Earth that displays
all of the properties outlined in Figure 1.4.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
5
Figure 1.6
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Life in Its Diverse Forms
The diversity of known lifeall the species that
have been identified and namedincludes
at least 290,000 plants,
52,000 vertebrates (animals with backbones), and
1 million insects (more than half of all known forms
of life).
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Life in Its Diverse Forms
Biologists add thousands of newly identified
species to the list each year.
Estimates of the total number of species range
from 10 million to more than 100 million.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
6
Grouping Species: The Basic Concept
To make sense of nature, people tend to group
diverse items according to similarities.
A species is generally defined as a group of
organisms that
live in the same place and time and
have the potential to interbreed with one another in
nature to produce healthy offspring.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Grouping Species: The Basic Concept
We may even sort groups into broader categories,
such as
rodents (which include squirrels) and
insects (which include butterflies).
Taxonomy, the branch of biology that names and
classifies species, is the arrangement of species
into a hierarchy of broader and broader groups.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Three Domains of Life
The three domains of life are
1. Bacteria,
2. Archaea, and
3. Eukarya.
Bacteria and Archaea have prokaryotic cells.
Eukarya have eukaryotic cells.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
7
DOMAIN
BACTERIA
Figure 1.7
DOMAIN EUKARYA
DOMAIN
ARCHAEA
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Animalia
Protists (multiple kingdoms)
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
DOMAIN
ARCHAEA
DOMAIN
BACTERIA
Figure 1.7-1
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.7-1a
Domain Bacteria
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
8
Figure 1.7-1b
Domain Archaea
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.7-2
DOMAIN EUKARYA
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Fungi
Protists (multiple kingdoms)
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.7-2a
Kingdom Plantae
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
9
Figure 1.7-2b
Kingdom Fungi
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.7-2c
Kingdom Animalia
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.7-2d
Protists (multiple kingdoms)
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
10
The Three Domains of Life
The Domain Eukarya in turn includes three smaller
divisions called kingdoms:
1. Kingdom Plantae,
2. Kingdom Fungi, and
3. Kingdom Animalia.
Most members of the three kingdoms are
multicellular.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Three Domains of Life
These three multicellular kingdoms are
distinguished partly by how the organisms obtain
food.
Plants produce their own sugars and other foods by
photosynthesis.
Fungi are mostly decomposers, digesting dead
organisms and organic wastes.
Animals obtain food by ingesting (eating) and
digesting other organisms.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Three Domains of Life
Those eukaryotes that do not fit into any of the
three kingdoms fall into a catch-all group called the
protists.
Most protists are single-celled; they include
microscopic organisms such as amoebas.
But protists also include certain multicellular forms,
such as seaweeds.
Scientists are in the process of organizing protists
into multiple kingdoms, although they do not yet
agree on exactly how to do this.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
11
Chapter
1
Introduction:
Biology Today
PowerPoint® Lectures created by Edward J. Zalisko for
Campbell Essential Biology, Sixth Edition, and
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Fifth Edition
Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan, and Jane B. Reece
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Major Themes in Biology
Five unifying themes will serve as touchstones
throughout our investigation of biology.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.8
Evolution
MAJOR THEMES IN BIOLOGY
Energy
Structure/ Information
Interconnections
Transformations within Systems
Flow
Function
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
1
Figure 1.8-1
Evolution
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.8-2
Structure/Function
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.8-3
Information Flow
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
2
Figure 1.8-4
Energy
Transformations
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.8-5
Interconnections
within Systems
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Evolution
What do a tree, a mushroom, and a human have in
common?
At the cellular level, all life bears striking similarities.
Despite the amazing diversity of life, there is also
striking unity.
What can account for this combination of unity and
diversity in life?
The scientific explanation is the biological process
called evolution.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3
Evolution
Evolution is
the fundamental principle of life and
the core theme that unifies all of biology.
The theory of evolution by natural selection, first
described by Charles Darwin more than 150 years
ago, is the one idea that makes sense of
everything we know about living organisms.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Evolution
Life evolves.
Each species is one twig of a branching tree of life
extending back in time through ancestral species
more and more remote.
Species that are very similar, such as the brown
bear and polar bear, share a more recent common
ancestor that represents a relatively recent branch
point on the tree of life.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.9
Giant panda bear
Ancestral
bear
Spectacled bear
Sloth bear
Common
ancestor of all
modern bears
Sun bear
American black bear
Asiatic black bear
Common
ancestor of polar bear
and brown bear
Polar bear
Brown bear
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
4
Evolution
Through an ancestor that lived much farther back
in time,
all bears are also related to squirrels, humans, and
all other mammals and
all have hair and milk-producing mammary glands.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Darwinian View of Life
The evolutionary view of life came into focus in
1859 when Charles Darwin published On the Origin
of Species by Means of Natural Selection.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Darwinian View of Life
Darwins book developed two main points:
Species living today descended from a succession
of ancestral species in what Darwin called descent
with modification, capturing the duality of lifes
1. unity (descent) and
2. diversity (modification).
Natural selection is the mechanism for descent with
modification.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
5
Figure 1.10
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.10-1
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.10-2
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
6
The Darwinian View of Life
In the struggle for existence, those individuals with
heritable traits best suited to the local environment
are more likely to survive and leave the greatest
number of healthy offspring.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Darwinian View of Life
Therefore, these passed-down traits that e…
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