Boston University Enabling Enterprise Information Systems Discussion I would upload some readings. And also i would upload a doc, which is the answer for t
Boston University Enabling Enterprise Information Systems Discussion I would upload some readings. And also i would upload a doc, which is the answer for the questions that u can refer to but not copy Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology
School of Systems, Management, & Leadership
32557 Enabling Enterprise
Information Systems
Assignment 1: IS Evaluation
(Individual Report)
Subject Coordinator: Dr. Babak Abedin
Page 1 of 3
Part (1): Short answer questions (25 marks in total)
1. Suppose UTS plans to make changes to its Timetabling System for students. Suppose,
they choose to undertake a Business Process Improvement approach. What are the five
phases UTS needs to follow to for a BPI on the Timetabling system? Explain what each
phase means to UTS.
(5 marks)
2. Consider a local Italian Pizza restaurant that has been in operation in a Sydney suburb for
over twenty years. Apply Porters Five Force model, and explain whether the Internet has
increased or decreased the competition for this restaurant. Justify your answer by explaining
the impact of the Internet on each of the five forces for this restaurant
(10 marks)
3. Is design thinking a top to bottom, or bottom to up problem solving approach? (1 mark)
Would your selected approach encourage teams with multi-disciplinary expertise (1 mark),
why? (2 marks)
(4 marks in total)
4. Discuss differences and similarities of Infrastructure-as-a-Service and Software-as-aService (4 marks). Explain why some companies may move away from Software-as-aService? (2 mark)
(6 marks in total)
Page 2 of 3
Part (2): Case Study Questions (15 marks in total)
Case 1: Download BPR, BPI, and BPM at Chevron from UTS Online and answer the
following TWO questions
1. Discuss why did Chevron adopt BPI? (4 marks)
2. Explain how does Chevron apply BPM in its operations today? (4 marks)
Case 2: Download Pinterest from UTS Online and answer the following Two
questions
1. Describe two other ways in which Pinterest could generate revenue without alienating its
users. (4 marks)
2. Are Facebook and Pinterest competitors? Why or why not? Support your answer. (3
marks)
Page 3 of 3
Chapter 1: Introduction to Information Systems
Chapter 2: Business Processes
Dr Babak Abedin
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Understand what Information Systems is
Identify the reasons why being an informed user of
information systems is important in todays world.
Describe the various types of computer-based
information systems in an organization.
Discuss ways in which information technology can
affect managers and non-managerial workers.
Understand business processes
Examine different ways to change businesses
processes
Describe how IS and business processes are related
1-2
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
PART 1
Introduction to Information Systems
1-3
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Information Systems
1-4
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Why IS Cares about the People side of IT: Example
DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
§ Business professionals need to:
1. Take an active role in IS to ensure that
systems meet their needs
2. Understand how IT systems are constructed.
3. Consider users needs during development
4. Learn how to employ IT systems
5. Take into account ancillary IT functions:
§ Security
§ Backup
1-6
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Extent of Information Systems Use in
Australian Businesses
Why Should I know About IS?
1.
You benefit more when you understand what is behind IT
applications
2.
You can provide valuable input
3.
You can recommend and help select IT Applications
4.
You will be aware of new technology
5.
You understand how IT improves performance
6.
Understanding IT is very beneficial to entrepreneurs.
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
CLASS ACTIVITY
WARBY PARKER: IS ENABLED EYEWEAR BUSINESS
Rainer & Prince (2016): page 15
Answer questions 1 and 2
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Breadth of Support of Information Systems
§ Functional Area Information Systems (FAIS)
§ Accounting
§ Finance
§ Production & Operations Management
§ Marketing
§ HR
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
How Does IS Impact Organizations
§IS reduces the number of middle
managers
§IS changes managers jobs
§IS eliminates traditional jobs
§IS provides opportunities for people
with disabilities
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Types of Computer-Based Information Systems
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Information Systems Jobs
IS Trends 2017-2020 (Information Age; Ben Rossi)
Data Collection
Automation
Privacy & Security, Cloud Systems, Business Strategy
Collect information online and in real time: respond to emerging market opportunities and threats
With the expansive range of information can be collected, how to avoid overlapping activities &
optimise costs
Information Analysis
Business Intelligence & Data Analytics, Privacy & Security
Automation
With the onslaught of big data and quantitative data, 91% of all respondents said they need the
implementation of automated data analysis by 2020.
Cross Functional
Integration
Systems Integration, Business Process Analysis,
Most companies today use separate systems to serve their different information requirements for
example CRM, market intelligence portal, intranet, social media platforms and ERP. Many recognise the
need to integrate these tools or at the very least to arrange for a single point access to all relevant
systems
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
CLASS ACTIVITY:
CLOSING CASE APRICOT FOREST HELPS CHINAS
PHYSICIANS
Rainer & Prince (2016): page 24-25
Answer questions 1-4
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
PART 2
Business Processes
1-19
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Business Processes
§ A business process is:
§ an ongoing collection of related activities that create a product or service of
value to the organization, its business partners, and/or its customers.
§ Comprised of three elements:
§ Inputs
§ Resources
§ Outputs
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Example: Online Order Process
Receive order details
Receive Receive customer details
Check product availability
Process Update inventory
Confirm order
Confirm Print receipt and track number
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Class Activity
UTS Enrollment Business Process
Input
Process
Output
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Other examples of Business Processes
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Cross-Functional Processes
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
How IS and Business Processes Fit
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Business Process Improvement, Business
Process Reengineering, and Business Process
Management
§ Reengineering
§ Improvement
§ Management
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Measures of Excellence in Executing Business
Processes
§ Customer Satisfaction
§ Cost Reduction
§ Cycle and fulfillment time reduction
§ Quality
§ Differentiation
§ Productivity
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
§ Michael Hammer & James Champy, 1993, Reengineering the
Corporation
§ BPR
§ A radical redesign of an organizations business processes to increase
productivity and profitability
§ Examines business processes with a clean slate approach
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Business Process Improvement (BPI)
§ BPI
§ An incremental approach to move an organization toward business process
centered operations
§ Focuses on reducing variation in process outputs by identifying the underlying
cause of the variation
§ Six Sigma is a popular methodology for BPI
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
BPR versus BPI
BPI
BPR
§ Low risk / low cost
§ High risk / high cost
§ Incremental change
§ Radical redesign
§ Bottom-up approach
§ Top-down approach
§ Takes less time
§ Time consuming
§ Quantifiable results
§ Impacts can be overwhelming
§ All employees trained in BPI
§ High failure rate
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Business Process Management (BPM)
§ A management system used to support continuous BPI initiatives
for core business processes over time
§ Important components of BPM:
§ Process modeling
§ Web-enabled technologies
§ Business Activity Monitoring (BAM)
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Business Process Management (BPM)
§ Business Process Management Suite (BPMS)
§ An integrated set of applications used for BPM
§ Emerging Trend of Social BPM
§ Technologies enabling employees to collaborate across functions internally and
externally using social media tools
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Class Activity
Chevron Case Study: BPR, BPI, and BPM at Chevron
Page 42-43: Answer Questions 1 & 2 & 3
33
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Assignment 1 Guidelines
– Chapter 2: Organizational Strategy, Competitive
Advantage, and Information Systems
Dr. Babak Abedin
Learning Objectives
Identify effective IT responses to different kinds of business pressures.
Describe the strategies that organizations typically adopt to counter Porters
five competitive forces.
Describe the characteristics of effective businessinformation technology
alignment
Discuss ways in which information systems enable cross-functional business
processes and business processes for a single functional area.
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Rhetorical Questions!
1- What does the term strategy mean to you?
2- Does strategy reflect a long term or a short term
perspective?
3- Do you have a strategy in your life for achieving your
important objectives? How does your UTS degree help you
achieve them?
3
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Competitive Advantage
§ A statement identifying a businesss approach to compete, its
goals, and the plans and policies required to attain those goals.
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2018
Organization Strategy and
Information Systems
Fundamentals of Strategy
§ Business Strategy: art, science, and craft of formulating,
implementing and evaluating cross-functional decisions
that will enable an organization to achieve its long-term
objectives (bain.com)
§ Mission Statement: defines the company’s business, its
objectives and its approach to reach those objectives.
(bain.com)
§ Vision Statement: describes the desired future position
of the company. (bain.com)
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Sample Business Vision
At IKEA our vision is to create a better everyday
life for the many people. Our business idea
supports this vision by offering a wide range of
well-designed, functional home furnishing
products at prices so low that as many people
as possible will be able to afford them
7
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
UTS Strategic Direction
https://www.uts.edu.au/about/university/uts-strategic-plan-2009-2018
8
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2018
Business Information
Technology Alignment
§ The tight integration of the IT function with the
organizations strategy, mission, and goals.
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Class Activity
Why Business-IT Alignment is
Important
§ Read CIOs article What do we mean when we
say ‘business-IT alignment’?
§ 1. Why do you think Business-IT alignment is
important?
§ 2. What happens if UTSs IT is not in alignment
with its business strategy?
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Business-IT Alignment
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Six Characteristics of Excellent
Business-IT Alignment
1.
IT viewed as an engine of innovation continually transforming
the business and often creating new revenue streams.
2.
Organizations view their internal & external customers and
their customer service function as supremely important.
3.
Organizations rotate business and IT professionals across
departments and job functions.
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Six Characteristics of Excellent
Business-IT Alignment
4.
Organizations provide overarching goals that are completely
clear to each IT and business
5.
Organizations ensure that IT employees understand how the
company makes (or loses) money.
6.
Organizations create a vibrant and inclusive company culture.
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Major Reasons Business-IT
Alignment Does Not Occur
§ Business managers and IT managers have different objectives.
§ The business and IT departments are ignorant of the other groups
expertise.
§ A lack of communication.
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Class Activity: Bookshops
Why Borders bookstore lost them
market to online competition?
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Class Activity: Retail
Amazon vs. Myer
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Primary Activities
Porters Value Chain Model
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Porters Value Chain Model
§ Value Chain
§ A sequence of activities through which the organizations inputs are transformed
into valuable outputs.
§ Primary Activities
§ Relate to Production & Distribution of Products & Services
§ Support Activities
§ Support Primary Activities Contributing to Competitive Advantage
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Primary Activities
§ Five Primary Activities for Manufacturing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Dr. Babak Abedin
Inbound Logistics (inputs)
Operations (manufacturing & testing)
Outbound Logistics (storage & distribution)
Marketing & Sales
After Sales Services
UTS 2019
Support Activities
§ Four Support Activities
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dr. Babak Abedin
Firms Infrastructure (accounting, finance, management)
Human Resources Management
Product & Technology Development (R&D)
Procurement
UTS 2019
Porters Competitive
Forces Model
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Porters Competitive Forces
Model
1.
Threat of Entry of New Competitors
2.
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
3.
Bargaining Power of Customers/Buyers
4.
Threat of Substitute Products or Services
5.
Rivalry Among Existing Firms within the Industry
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Class Activity
Consider JBHiFi.com.au; use Porters Competitive Forces
Model to assess the market forces and competition level
Present your
analysis to the class
23
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
GENERIC STRATEGIES
FRAMEWORK
§ Michael Porter describes how businesses can build
a sustainable competitive advantage
§ fundamental basis of above-average performance
in the long run is sustainable competitive
advantage.
§ Five competitive advantage strategies:
§ Cost leadership
§ Differentiation
§ Innovation
§ Operational effectiveness
§ Customer centric
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Strategies for Competitive
Advantage
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Class Activity
Consider the following retailers: discuss their
competitive advantage
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
CLASS ACTIVITY:
CLOSING CASE
Rainer & Prince (2016): page 58-59
Answer questions 1-3
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
32557: Enabling Enterprise Information
Systems
– E-Business & E-Commerce
– Cloud Computing
Dr. Babak Abedin
School of Information Systems & Modelling
Learning Objectives
Describe key common types of e-commerce.
Describe the various online services of businessto-consumer (B2C) commerce,
Describe the three business models for businessto-business electronic commerce.
Identify the ethical and legal issues related to
electronic commerce, providing examples.
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Learning Objectives
Understand characteristics of Cloud Computing
Describe various types of Cloud Computing
Discuss benefits and challenges of Cloud
Computing
Describe current market & technological trends in
Cloud Computing
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
E-Commerce & E-Business
What are differences & similarities?
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Definitions and Concepts
Electronic Commerce
The process of buying, selling, transferring, or
exchanging products, services, or information via
computer networks, including the Internet.
Electronic Business (e-business)
A much broader concept than e-commerce
Servicing customers, collaborating with business
partners, and performing electronic transactions
within an organization
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Definitions and Concepts
(Cont)
Degree of digitization
Brick-and-Mortar organizations
Clicks-and-Mortar Organizations
Virtual Organizations
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Types of E-Commerce
Business-to-consumer (B2C)
Business-to-business (B2B)
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
Business-to-employee (B2E)
E-Government (G2C)
Mobile commerce (M-commerce)
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
E-Commerce Business
Models
Example
Business Model
Membership (subscription)
Affiliate marketing
Group purchasing (e-coops)
Find-the-best-price (price compare)
Electronic tendering system
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
E-Commerce Business
Models
Example
Business Model
Online direct marketing
Viral marketing
Online auction
Product customization
Bartering online
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Electronic Payment
Mechanisems
Electronic checks
Electronic cards
Digital wallets
Cash at pick up locations
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Class Activity:
revenue models
Work with your group members and conduct a search on
the Internet to identify at least five revenue models for
ecommerce businesses.
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Benefits & Limitations
of E-Commerce
Benefits
Limitations
National and International
markets are more Accessible
Lowers costs of processing,
distributing, and retrieving
information
Provides access to a vast
number of products and
services 24/7
Deliver information, services,
and products to people in
cities, rural areas, and
developing countries
Lack of universally accepted
security standards
In less-developed countries
telecommunications bandwidth
is often insufficient, and Web
access is expensive
Perceptions that e-commerce is
insecure
Unresolved legal issues
Lacks a critical mass of buyers
and sellers
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Class Activity: Internet
Banking
Read Case Study 7.5 (p.213) and answer questions 1 & 2
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Cloud Computing
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Video: What is Cloud
Computing
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Evolution of the Modern IT
Infrastructure
1.
2.
3.
4.
Stand-alone Mainframes
Mainframe and Dumb Terminals
Stand-alone Personal Computers
Local Area Networks (Client/Server
Computing)
5. Enterprise Computing
6. Cloud Computing and Mobile Computing
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Cloud Computing
Characteristics
Cloud Computing Provides On-Demand SelfService
Cloud Computing Encompasses the
Characteristics of Grid Computing
Grid Computing enables organizations to utilize
resources more efficiently
Grid Computing provides fault tolerance and
redundancy
Grid Computing makes it easy to scale up
Grad Computing makes it easy to scale down
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Cloud Computing
Characteristics (Continued)
Cloud Computing Encompasses the
Characteristics of Utility Computing
Cloud Computing Utilizes Broad Network Access
Cloud Computing Pools Computing Resources
Cloud Computing Often Occurs on Virtualized
Servers
Server Farms
Server Virtualization
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Cloud Computing Services
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Cloud Computing Services
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Platforms as a Service (PaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS)
What would legal and privacy implications with
these services?
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
TG
3.3
Different Types of Clouds
Public Cloud
Private Cloud
(or Corporate
Cloud)
Hybrid Cloud
Vertical Clouds
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Seven Major Benefits of Cloud
Computing to Individuals &
Organizations
Benefit 1: Making Individuals More
Productive
Benefit 2: Facilitating Collaboration
Benefit 3: Mining Insights from Data
Benefit 4: Reduce Costs
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Seven Major Benefits of Cloud
Computing to Individuals &
Organizations (Cont)
Benefit 5: Expand the Scope of Business
Operations
Benefit 6: Respond Quickly to Market
Changes
Benefit 7: Customize Products and
Services
Dr. Babak Abedin
UTS 2019
Five Categories of Cloud
Computing Concerns
Concern 1: Legacy IT Systems
Concern 2: Reliability
Concern 3: P…
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