Mission College Analysis of Rhetorical Strategies Essay 3 major steps in this essay. First, you pick an article related to my major. Second, you pick 3 rhe
Mission College Analysis of Rhetorical Strategies Essay 3 major steps in this essay. First, you pick an article related to my major. Second, you pick 3 rhetorical strategies that you will analyze. Third, you write about it. Please read the RA Assignment Sheet and Rhetorical Strategies carefully for more details. My major is accounting.When you start writing, you must follow RA Sample outline Step By Step. The essay must answer and analyze each of those question.1.5 line spacing and at least 1500s. Please do APA format correctly, and you should write your own words and avoid plagiarism. This will need to upload to Turn-it-in. RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF A PROFESSIONAL DOCUMENT
Prepared for
Prof. Plum
LLD 100A Instructor
San Jose State University
Prepared by
Student Name
LLD 100A
San Jose State University
December 1, 2018
RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF A PROFESSIONAL DOCUMENT
INTRODUCTION
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ANALYSIS OF RHETORICAL STRATEGIES
Style and Tone
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Ethos
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Pathos
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Narration
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Cause and Effect
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Etc. as many sections as you need
CONCLUSION
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Notes: Double space the drafts, but for your final draft for your portfolio single space with two spaces between
paragraphs
//
Block style do not indent paragraphs
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ENGL/LLD 100A
(adapted from S. Berghoff)
Outline for Rhetorical Analysis Assignment
I.
INTRODUCTION
a. What is rhetoric, in general? Why/how do writers use rhetorical writing
strategies to achieve their purpose? Provide a general /brief explanation
of this.
b. What is rhetorical analysis? What is the purpose of the Rhetorical
Analysis (RA) assignment?
c. Introduce the article you are analyzing:
1- Why did you choose this article? (Your discourse community)
2- What is the full title of the article?
3- Who is the author?
4- When was it written?
5- Where was it first published?
6- Who is the intended audience? Describe the discourse community
the paper was written forconnect this to your discourse community
7- What is the authors purpose in producing this piece of writing? What
does he/she want to achieve? What do you think the author wants
the reader to think or do after reading this paper? (to inform, to
persuade, etc.)
d. Thesis/Preview Statement: Indicate the rhetorical strategies you will
discuss in the rest of this RA. Strategies include style, tone,
organization, use of rhetorical appeals (ethos, logos, pathos),
development of ideas (narration, description, exemplification, process
analysis, cause and effect analysis, comparison and contrast, definition,
classification and/or division, etc. ), flow/transitions,
presentation/format, etc. (look at the handout on Framework for
Analyzing Genres and Rhetorical Strategies.) Connect this to your
evaluation of the article and to your larger goal: to understand how
authors can use rhetoric effectively to achieve their purposes.
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II.
ANALYSIS OF RHETORICAL STRATEGIES (details of the strategies
mentioned in d above)
You will begin each paragraph with a topic sentence, and the paragraph will have a
unified focus. You should write one or more paragraphs (use more than one if you have
multiple detailed examples of a particular appeal or strategy) on each of the rhetorical
strategies you mentioned in the introduction. Here is how you should develop your
paragraphs:
a. Define the rhetorical strategy you will be discussing in that paragraph (you can
quote or paraphrase from your course readings). You must define each appeal or
strategy clearly before discussing specific examples of it.
b. Quote or paraphrase 2-3 examples from the document that illustrate the authors
use of the strategy or appeal
c.
Explain how and why the examples illustrate the strategy or appeal and how they
have contributed to the authors purpose in the article
d. Explain how this particular appeal or strategy can help all authors make their points
and persuade audiences effectively
Tip: Treat each body section like a mini-essay within your larger paper. If you follow
the steps listed above, you will see that you have a clear intro (introduce the rhetorical
appeal or strategy), body (show examples of it and explain how they illustrate the
appeal or strategy), and conclusion (connect the use of the appeal or strategy to the
authors purpose; draw final conclusion based on how this author uses the appeal or
strategy, explaining why/how using it can help all authors achieve their purposes).
III.
CONCLUSION
(a.)
Bring your focus back to the real main subject here: effective rhetoric
(b.)
Summarize briefly the main points of the analysis: go over the main
appeals and strategies you have analyzed, saying which ones were
particularly effective
(c.)
Explain the significance of your analysis as you consider the following:
1. What conclusions can you draw, based on your analysis of this
particular article, about the role in general of rhetorical appeals and
strategies in producing clear communication through writing?
2. What changes would you recommend to this author to better achieve
his/her purpose?
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FORMATTING:
Ø 1 inch margins (left/right; top/bottom), 12-point Times New Roman font
Ø Use section headings and subheadings for the sections to guide the reader
Ø Use clear headings for each section of your essayespecially for introduction,
individual body sections (for example, you would need separate headings for Ethos,
Logos, Narration, Cause and Effect, Exemplification), and conclusion (see RA
Sample Format handout for clear example of layout and headings)
Ø 1.5 line spacing for initial drafts (including your final in-semester draft)
Ø Single spacing for the final draft that will go in your portfolio at the end of the
semester
Ø Single space between paragraphs; double space between individual body sections
(between, for example, your discussion of Ethos and Pathos, or Logos and Ethos
each of which should have a separate heading and be its own section within your
larger Analysis of Rhetorical Appeals section)
Ø Block paragraph style; dont indent paragraphs (keep them flush with left margin)
Ø See assignment sheet for word count for initial drafts
Ø About 1750 words for final draft that will go in your portfolio at semesters end
Ø Number your pages
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RHETORICAL
STRATEGIES
LLD 100A
Christopher W. Bankston, Ed.D.
Portions from Purdue OWL (owl.purdue.com)
Rhetorical Strategies
? Logos the appeal to reason relies on logic or reason.
Inductive Reasoning Draws generalizations or conclusions from facts.
Example: Fair trade agreements help coffee farmers, so they could help others.
Deductive Reasoning Takes a reliable generalization and applies it to a
specific case.
? Logos Avoid Logical Fallacies!
Slippery Slope If A happens then B-Z must happen. Therefore, stop A to
prevent B-Z.
Hasty Generalization Conclusion based on insufficient or biased information.
Rhetorical Strategies
? Logos Avoid Logical Fallacies
Post hoc ergo propter hoc If A occurred after B then B must have caused A.
Genetic Fallacy Conclusion based on argument of origin (VW=Hitler).
Begging the Claim Writer has not validated the conclusion.
Circular Argument Restating, rather than proving and argument.
Either/or Reduce an argument to two sides therefore, oversimplifying.
Ad hominem Attack on a person rather than the argument.
Ad populum Emotional appeal on positive/negative concepts rather than the
real issue
Red Herring Diversionary tactic that avoids the issues.
Rhetorical Strategies
? Ethos Ethical appeal based on the character, credibility or reliability of the writer.
Use only credible sources.
Must be unbiased (equally balanced).
? Pathos Emotional appeal to an audiences needs, values, and emotional sensibilities.
Emphasizes Reason.
Emotional appeals such as interviews and individual stories.
Rhetorical Strategies The Nine Modes
Plus . . .
? Process Analysis Explain step-by-step how something is done or how to do it.
Informative How something works.
Directive How to do something.
? Exemplification A series of examples that provide readers with a larger point.
? Descriptions Makes use of the senses (sight, smell, hearing, taste, touch).
? Illustration Uses multiple examples to explain a central statement.
? Narration Use of personal pronouns and a story in chronological order.
? Definition Explaining clearly and accurately to the reader what something means.
Rhetorical Analysis The Nine Modes
Plus . . .
? Comparison/Contrast Show similarity and difference to create an unbiased
argument.
? Cause/Effect Why something has happened or will happen as a result of a cause.
? Division/Classification Categories created under a central topic.
? Argumentation Writers own argument that uses outside references to persuade
the reader towards the writers own opinion.
ENG / LLD 100A
Rhetorical Analysis Assignment
2018
Purpose & Audience
Purposes:
To develop your understanding of rhetoric by investigating how a writer constructed a
professional document or text in your major field
To practice analytical thinking and clear writing1
Audience: Your instructor, your classmates, and other faculty members on the ENGL & LLD
100A review committee.
Writing Steps
Step 1: Select a document to analyze
Choose a piece of writing that was written by a professional in your major or a field that is
closely related to your major. The text should be at least 3 pages long so that you will have
enough material to analyze and write about.
These writings may include, but are not limited to:
Academic and trade publications (journals, newsletters, articles)
Company web sites (Internet and Intranet)
Professional society web sites (e.g., Federal or State Bar Association, the National
Association of State Foresters, Society for Technical Communication, etc.)
Internal correspondence (the audience is within the same company or organization as
the writer), for example: memos, policy & procedure documents, reports such as audit
reports, project status reports, proposals, lab reports, etc.
External correspondence (the audience is outside the same company or organization as
the writer), for example: letters or reports to customers or vendors, sales or marketing
materials, external blogs, newsletters, etc.
Note: There are many sample documents available on the web. Use a Google search to find
these in your discipline. You can also ask people you know who are working in your major field
for a document they may have written. Ask your professors in your major courses for
suggestions as well.
Step 2: Analyze the paper you selected
As a preliminary step, before you actually write the first draft of your paper, try to answer the
following questions about the document you are analyzing:
What do you think was the authors purpose in producing this writing?
Who was the intended audience?
What genre does it represent?
What style and tone did the author use? (formal, informal)
What rhetorical appeals did the writer use? (ethos, pathos, and logosthese terms will
be explained in class)
What strategies were used to develop ideas? (description, narration, process analysis,
compare and contrast, cause and effect, etc.)
How is the text organized, and why do you think the author chose this particular
organizational pattern? Is there a particular format that is used?
1
This assignment has been adapted from a similar one developed by Julian Heather and Fiona Glade at
CSU Sacramento.
1
ENG / LLD 100A
Rhetorical Analysis Assignment
2018
Why do you think the author included or omitted particular information?
What kinds of evidence did the author include to support his/her point of view, and how
was that evidence used?
Step 3: Decide which rhetorical appeals and strategies you will focus on in your paper.
A writer might use many appeals and strategies, but some are more important than others in
achieving the writers purpose. So you need to be selective; choose those that you think are the
most important (or most interesting) and write about them in your body paragraphs.
Step 4: Write your first draft (see Suggested Organization below).
Step 5: Participate in Peer Review of First Draft
On the day of the peer review, bring to class the following:
A copy of your first draft (approximately 1300 words single-spaced; see Suggested
Organization)
A copy of the document that you analyzed
A copy of the peer review form
Step 6: Write the Second Draft for Teacher Conference
Use the feedback from your peer reviewer to guide you as you revise and create a second draft.
When you come to the conference, bring the following:
A copy of the paper that you analyzed
Your second draft (aim for 1500 words)
Your peer reviewers comments
Step 7: Write and submit the Third Draft (in most cases, this will be the Final Draft)
Using the feedback you got from your instructor, revise your paper and submit it to Canvas
(depending on your instructor). Please follow the format guidelines given below.
Suggested Organization of your Paper
Introduction
Write an introductory paragraph with several sentences that do the following:
Introduce the paper you plan to analyze. Identify the author and describe the
circumstances under which the paper was written. (You may have to guess based on
the content and purpose.) Give the full title of the paper, when it was written and who
was the intended audience. Describe what you think was the writers purpose: What did
he/she want to achieve? What do you think the author wanted the reader to think or do
after reading this paper?
Identify the rhetorical appeals and strategies used by the author, and identify those that
you plan to discuss in your analysis (preview statement). Note that you do not have to
discuss in depth all of the strategies the author uses.
Analysis
Each paragraph in the body should have its own topic sentence and a unified focus. For this
analysis, you could write one paragraph on each of the rhetorical appeals/strategies you
2
ENG / LLD 100A
Rhetorical Analysis Assignment
2018
mentioned in the introduction. In each of these body paragraphs, it is useful to:
Define the rhetorical appeal/strategy you are going to write about (you may quote or
paraphrase from your course readings)
Quote or paraphrase 2-3 examples from the paper that illustrate the use of that
appeal/strategy
Explain how or why the example illustrates the appeal/strategy and how the
appeal/strategy contributed to authors purpose
Conclusion
The purpose of the conclusion is to (a) summarize briefly the main points of your analysis and
(b) explain the significance of your analysis by considering the following questions:
What conclusions can you draw about the role in general of rhetorical appeals and
strategies in producing clear communication through writing?
Was the author successful in using the various rhetorical appeals and strategies for the
intended audience and purpose? Give examples.
What changes might you recommend to the author to better achieve his/her purpose?
Format Guidelines
Your final draft should be approximately 1500 words, with 1-inch margins and 12 point
Times Roman font. Use headings and subheadings for the sections to guide the reader.
Please number your pages.
The final draft of the report is to be submitted on Canvas.
Make sure you save your document as a Word document.
Things to Keep For Your Portfolio
A copy of the document that you chose to analyze.
All drafts produced for this assignment.
A copy of instructor comments and peer reviews on your earlier drafts.
A clean (unmarked) copy of your final draft
Important Dates
First draft due (1300 words min); Mandatory
peer review
Conference with instructor — bring a 2nd draft
based on peer review (1400 words min)
Semi-Final draft due on Canvas (1500 words)
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