Nova Southeastern Genetic History Genogram and Interpretation Paper Your client can be a friend or family member. There are 3 parts to this assignment. Th
Nova Southeastern Genetic History Genogram and Interpretation Paper Your client can be a friend or family member. There are 3 parts to this assignment.
The first is the genetic history. A website has been provided for you. Complete a family history from a client of your choosing. The following form can be found on the AMA website at https://phgkb.cdc.gov/FHH/html/index.htmland is available for use. Please use this form when completing the Family History Assignment. Download this copy to your computer and type in the appropriate information. Use and complete this form thoroughly. Please do not use names, only initials.
The second part is to conduct a genogram on your client (Here is the website for a free genogram website.
https://www.progenygenetics.com/online-pedigree). Make sure you include a grid or legend to explain the symbols. (Starting with the paternal and maternal grandparents, construct a genogram of the clients family using the appropriate symbols and connections. Include a grid explaining the symbols that you have used. Include parental siblings and the clients siblings.)
And the third part is to write a paper explaining the genogram and a narrative of your interpretation. All 3 parts must be compiled into one document and uploaded for submission. Please look at the assignment criteria and the grading rubric. Here is an example of a paper and a genogram. Do not copy from this paper or just substitute information. That is plagiarism and you will receive a failing grade. It is a sample only.
Type a brief 12 page explanation of the genogram using 4 to 3 peer-reviewed references. Provide a narrative of your interpretation of the family history to include the following:
1.Patterns of disease.
2.Opportunities for patient education.
3.Factors complicating your interpretation.
4.Risk Classification.
5.Identify where more information is needed.
6.This is to be written according to the APA guidelines using 3 peer- reviewed scholarly journals. Use a title page. Attach the grading criteria to the back of your paper.
Sample of paper attached below ENOGRAM
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References
Berry, T. A., & Workman M. L. (2012). Genetics and genomics in nursing and healthcare.
Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company.
Breen, G., Webb, B.T., Butler, A. W., Van den Oord, E., Tozzi, F., Craddock, N., … McGuffin,
P. (2011). A genome-wide significant linkage for severe depression on chromosome 3:
The depression network study. The American Journal of Psychiatry 168(8), 840-847.
doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10091342
Harbottle, L. (2011). Nutrition and mental health: The importance of diet in depression. British
Journal of Wellbeing, 2(7), 19-22.
Hinkle, J. (2014). Textbook of medical-surgical nursing. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins.
GENOGRAM
members of the siblings of maternal grandparents at age 70 and above. Other unidentified
affected members may manifest chronic disease in later years. Other factors complicating
interpretation of the genogram include inaccurate information or the withholding of health
information due to privacy concerns, and shame or embarrassment Gaps in the family health
history include the unknown medical history of the paternal grandfather, his grandchildren and
that of a maternal aunt and her children.
Conclusion
Overall, this genogram provided a pictorial view of A. B.’s family health history and
helped to identify the major risk factors of depression and cancer. Age, environmental concerns,
and genetics may also increase risks for chronic disease such as depression, cancer, hypertension
and heart disease. It is important for the patient to update family health history as new
information is provided. In order to maintain health, it is also crucial for the patient to maintain a
low stress environment, pursue a healthy lifestyle, and seek health maintenance through routine
health screenings, physical examinations, and breast screenings.
Genogram and Interpretation
GENOGRAM
study
The patient’s personal and family history, in addition to physical assessment, help to
guide the healthcare provider’s decisions regarding choice of treatment regimen and methods of
preventative care. A genogram is a graphic illustration of one’s family history that helps the
nurse to identify individual and family risks for specitic disorders (Beery & Workman, 2012)
This narrative serves to interpret the patient’s genogram, discusses patterns of disease.
opportunities for patient education, risk classification, factors complicating interpretation, and
identification of areas where more information is needed.
Patterns of Disease
The health patterns of three generations of A. B.’s maternal history identified as Family
A, in addition to the health patterns of three generations of paternal history identified as Family
B were expressed in the genogram. Recurrent themes of depression occurred in the maternal
health history and cancer in the paternal health history. A. B.’s paternal family history revealed
a 40% incidence of known cancer. A.B. was diagnosed with breast cancer. The paternal
grandmother, M. B. died in her 70s of colon cancer. Three of her sons identified as C. D., E.D.,
and F. G. were diagnosed with prostate cancer. In addition to this, several maternal family
members have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Scientists have attributed major
depressive disorder to both genetic and environmental factors (Breen et al., 2011). Breen et al.
(2011) performed a study on 839 families consisting of 971 siblings with severe depression. The
study found a common genetic link in affected families. (Breen et al., 2011).
Depression is expressed in varying degrees among maternal family members, ranging
from mild to severe. The genogram demonstrates reduced penetrance of depressive disorders
below 100%. The p arm of chromosome three has been identified in a genome-wide association
GENOGRAM
3
study (GWAS) as a contributing factor to familial depression although more studies are
warranted (Breen et al., 2011). Thirty-percent of maternal family members have either been
hospitalized two or more times for major depressive episodes or have received therapeutic and
pharmacological treatment for depression. U. N., a maternal uncle, his son, and a cousin were
diagnosed with schizophrenia. The maternal grandmother F. B. and her daughter G. R were
diagnosed with diabetes.
Opportunities for Patient Education & Risk Classification
Depression, cancer, mental illness, and alcoholism are recurrent health themes identified
in A. B.’s pedigree. Patient reported testing negative for the BRCA1 gene, which is used to
identify genetic inheritance of breast cancer (A. B., personal communication, April 06, 2014). In
order to minimize risk of depression resulting from environmental factors, it is important to
educate A. B. regarding stress and healthy lifestyle. It was reported that the severity of
depressive episodes was increased among family members living in high stress environments
(B.C.. personal communication, April 06, 2014). Family members living in stable environments
with supportive partners or spouses revealed decreased episodes of depressive events (B. C.,
personal communication, April 06, 2014). Low stress environment, stress management, and
adequate nutrition is crucial in the management and prevention of depression (Harbottle, 2011).
Healthy lifestyle choices such as exercise, well balance diet, smoking cessation, and moderate
alcohol use are necessary in the prevention and management of cancer, heart disease,
hypertension, and diabetes type II (Hinkle & Cheever, 2014).
Factors Complicating Interpretation & Gaps in Information
As a result of the aging process, increasing numbers of family members may be
diagnosed with chronic disease. A. B.’s maternal family history revealed cancer in the elder
Running head: GENOGRAM
Genogram and Interpretation
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