Africa The Cradle of Humanity Essay Instructions: Please choose threeof these essay/ short answer questions. Be sure to answer in your own the questions in

Africa The Cradle of Humanity Essay Instructions: Please choose threeof these essay/ short answer questions. Be sure to answer in your own the questions in your own words. Use the textbook and powerpoint presentations for your answers; avoid internet searches.Be sure to use your own words in writing the essays; do not copy and paste from the textbook or other sources. Plagiarism will result in a failing grade for the assignment. Note: Please be as detailed as possible but do not worry about length; I am assessing the essays on their quality, not length. NO REQUIREMENTS REGARDING LENGTH

Be sure that your answer addresses each part of the essay question.

Essay Questions:

1) Describe the ordeal of enslavement from point of capture to life in the Americas (This is to include a description of capture and the middle passage).

2) Compare and contrastslavery in the Southern colonies to slavery in the Northern colonies (You can use The Chesapeake Colonies and New England Colonies as an examples). Note: You can create a list or chart in lieu of an essay.

4) From Chapter 1,please briefly explainwhat economic activity/ trade made Ghana, Mali, and Songhay great empires. Whatwere the chief items of trade.

5) Whydid Europeans start purchasing slaves from West African Kingdoms and whatwere two items traded for slaves?

PC: I have copied all the requirement as the my professor hand it

THANK YOU FOR HELPING. Africa: The Beginning
The Cradle of Humanity
Birthplace of Humanity
• The earliest remains of hominids found in
East Africa
• 2nd Earliest Known Civilization – Egypt
– Rivers and Civilization
– Civitas = City
– Were they “Black?”
Egypt and the Fertile Crescent
Kush
Kingdoms of Gold: Early Kingdoms of West
Africa
• Ancient Ghana – Soninke Empire
– 4th Century C.E. – 1087 C.E.
– Controlled trade routes
– Strong Military
• Mali – Mandinka Empire
– 1230 – 1468
– Rose over the ashes of Ghana
– Became an Islamic State (Why?)
– Timbuktu – Famous city and academic center
– Great Rulers: Sundiata and Mansa Musa
• Songhai (1461 – 1591)
– Nation-State that seceded from the Mali Empire
– Largest of the three Empires of Gold
– Like Mali it was Islamic – See The Great Mosque at Jenne (14th
Century)
Ghana and Mali
Items Traded Along the TransSaharan Routes (West – North)
• West Africans Traded
–
–
–
–
–
Gold
Ivory
Pepper
Skins/ Hides
Slaves
•
Berbers, North Africans and
Europeans Traded
–
–
–
–
Salt (Why?)
Silk
Cotton
Horses (Warfare)
Traders, Merchants, Customers
Prior to the Atlantic Slave Trade
• West African Merchants and Producers
• Berbers
– Who are they?
• North African Merchants
–
What does this group trade?
• Europeans
– During this time period, what commodity does this group want the most?
Trade Routes
West-Central African Kingdoms
• Kingdom of The Kongo
– Trading kingdom known for its textiles and metal
work (iron, copper, and gold)
– Established political and commercial diplomatic ties
with Portugal
• King of the Kongo adopted Christianity. Why?
• What was the result of those ties to Portugal?
• Angola (13th Century to 16th Century)
– Iron
Regular Folk
•
Note: West Africa was very diverse – different ethnic groups and languages
•
Occupations
– Farming (Primary)
– Herding
– Fishing
– Merchant
•
Families and Lifestyles
– Lived in villages w/ Clan Group
– Compounds and homes
– Marriage
• Patrilineal v. Matrilineal
•
Religion
– Indigenous
•
•
•
Ancestral Worship
Animism
Polytheism
– Islam (Spread Along the Trade Routes)
•
Slavery
– POW’s
Debtors
– Criminals

Purchase answer to see full
attachment