CJST2250 New Haven Importance of Scientific Method in Criminal Justice Paper the title of this proposal is ( the importance of scientific methods in crimin
CJST2250 New Haven Importance of Scientific Method in Criminal Justice Paper the title of this proposal is ( the importance of scientific methods in criminal justice system )
i have attached the literature review and introduction that i wrote about about it down below which you will be needing to see too about writing this research proposal.
here is the reviews that i got for each the lit review and introduction from my professor:
lit review:
While you have some good content and sources, you have some important issues in your submission that you should address. Your first sentence needs work, as it is too vague. Use the format provided in the instructions for the introduction on Blackboard. The page range for this assignment was 5-7 pages, which means a minimum of 5 pages of content, not including the cover page and references. After fixing your formatting and deleting extraneous lines and headings, you had just over 4 3/4 pages. Review APA format. Your in-text citations and references have formatting errors. Your references should be in alphabetical order. Keep your writing clear and concise. Your writing needs work. Please consider using the resources available to you at the university, such as the writing center. Also, I am available to meet with students during office hours, or communicate via email, or set up a time for a phone call
the introduction :
Your topic is unclear. Review APA format. You have errors in your reference page. You need a minimum of three sources, other than the text for the course. Check your grammar and spelling before submitting your work.
now here is the guide lines for the research proposal that you will need to follow in writing this research proposal:
The research proposal final paper will include the following components:
Introduction, edited as per the instructions on Blackboard, in conjunction with feedback provided in class and on Blackboard.
Literature Review, edited as per the instructions on Blackboard, in conjunction with feedback provided in class and on Blackboard.
Methodology, which will include the following: research questions, research hypotheses, operationalization of independent and dependent variables, identification of the target population, the sampling method to be employed, the source of your data, the types of measurement (including precision of measurement if applicable), and a discussion of limitations of your research, including threats to reliability, validity and generalizability of your measurements and findings.
Conclusion, which will summarize the most important aspects of your proposal and the utility of the proposed research to the field of criminal justice.
Students do not need headings, but four headings for the text are permissible: Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, and Conclusion. Use the heading of References for your Reference page(s).
Your cover page will have the following information on separate lines: Title of paper; author of paper (your name); course name and number; date of submission (the date you upload your document into Blackboard); and professor
Each submission will be in a word document, double spaced, Times New Roman 12 point font, 1″ margins, APA format, cover page, reference page at the end, total text length 10-14 pages (not including cover page & reference page).
Failure to comply with any of the above instructions will result in a lower grade.
please be extra careful about writing this research proposal, remember using credible academic sources as this is an academic paper. and this is a research proposal and not a full conducted research paper. please do not take this question unless you’re 100% sure that you will add value and you will be up for writing it and getting me a fantastic grade as this paper is 30% of my passing grade and it is very important. IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
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Importance of scientific method in criminal justice system
Raed Alqarni
University of New Haven
CJST 2250-05
IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
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Importance of scientific method in criminal justice system
The research paper will cover agencies for detaining and controlling offenders. The
scientific methods utilized in criminal justice helps to produce practical information which helps
to support the hypothesis. Hence, the critical aim of the research is to create evidence about a
given situation. Besides, the research method is more useful when conducted using the
appropriate steps of analysis. Research and the scientific method have proved to be of great
importance in the justice system as it enhances more understanding of a situation. My document
is a comprehensive analysis of the importance of scientific method utilized in the criminal justice
system
This research paper describes the scientific method and its application in criminal
investigations. Use of scientific method, thinking about and consequently solving problems
through the attaining of objectives in a systematic way. The paper examines five steps of the
scientific method applied in social sciences to provide efficient and appropriate outcomes. The
article also explains how the five approaches can be put into action. There are five significant
steps involved in scientific methods. The problem statement is commenced with, followed by
the formulation of the hypothesis, collection of data which may be through observations or
experimentation.
The data is interpreted, and conclusions are drawn. Description of the method is
emphasized at the beginning and forms an integral part of the research. The criminal
investigation starts as an inductive process where actual cases are used all used to apply the
IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
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scientific method. A table is then used to compare evidence and proof in law, science and
criminal investigation and references must be provided.
Scientific techniques have proven to solve crimes and making important discoveries. The
experimental methods also help real-life investigators and law enforcement agents to explain
crimes by the use of methodological approaches. These methods increase objectivity and reduce
errors in criminal investigations. The research that utilizes scientific methods aims at producing
empirical data which in turn it is used to support or formulate a hypothesis. For example, a
criminal justice system effectiveness can be tested by the use of scientific methods where an
experiment is performed. The results of the research provide the empirical data where the results
can be used to determine whether the program is useful or not.
Defining the problem is the first step in the scientific method in a criminal investigation.
It involves the identification of the issue to research on. It is figuring out what you know about
the problem as well as the identification of the variables to be studied. A literature review of the
research is conducted to determine other research that has already been done reviewing the
existing empirical research to find out a better idea on the scope of the study and also obtaining
information that will help in other steps of the analysis.
According to Casey(2011, pg 137,) research questions are also designed as well as the
hypothesis. Research questions guide towards the whole research as one tries to answer them.
An assumption is the guesses about the relationship between variables. Data collection step
involves the gathering of information through methods such as surveying, interviews or
experimentation. The data collected is used to test the hypotheses and answer research
questions. After the completion of data collection, it is analyzed using appropriate analyzing
techniques. Conclusions are generated based on data collected and analyzed. These are mainly
IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
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the answers to the research questions and whether the findings support the hypothesis. In
criminal investigations, these conclusions are used to inform the policymakers about the policies
or programs that need to be implemented. Criminal justice officials can also be told whether a
particular punishment is valid or not through the support of these conclusions.
Before making any conclusion based on the hypothesis, the results should be well
interpreted. It is done by reviewing the offender’s characteristics derived and eliminating the ones
that the data collected does not support. A profile attributes should be formulated based on the
available evidence where the profile attributes should include the offenders personality,
emotional state as well as the psychological state. Gender specifications are necessary if the
evidence supports it.
Lee (1992, pg 63) examined that hypothesis forming requires a lot of time and logical as
well as objective thinking are necessary just like a scientist does when experimenting. It helps in
discovering whether the hypothesis is wrong. It also ensures that the data is correct and
formulates other hypotheses to create a better one where the same scientific method can be used
to arrive at the conclusions.
A researcher may be interested in examining obedience to authority. The study problem,
in this case, can be why good people follow orders from the authorities figures to hurt others.
Before the experiment, a literature review is necessary to find out the previous researches on
examinations to obedience to authority. This information assists in developing the research
question and formulation of hypotheses.
The scientific method involves developing and testing of theories based on empirical
evidence. Scientific methods are defined by systematic observation of the practical world while
IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
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aiming to be objective critical as well as logical. Researchers want to make their information
reliable where the research results must replicate the produced studies. Reliability in group
research increases the likelihood that what one person finds out will happen to another in the
group.
Validity which is an achievement strived for by many researchers is achieved through
scientific methods. Validity refers to how well the study measures its purpose. For example in a
case relating to crime rates, validity should ensure that the reliability of the study reflects on the
average crime scenes experienced. Efficacy provides that the research design accurately reflects
on the proposed, i.e. the exploration of criminal behaviors and dwell on a specified group, for
example, the youth( Hagan, 2017, PG 67).
Criminal and justice officials can use scientific approaches not only to collect but also in
interpreting and analyzing the data. Use of specific scientific logic and objectivity help the
officials to find out the results but not attach them to the results. Scientific methods are applied in
the law enforcement field to maintain objectivity, focus and consistency as possible they can in
their study.
Scientific methods have proved useful in shaping criminal and justice issues with its
systematic approach. It is achieved through the provision of regular and organized series of steps
that ensure objectivity and consistency in the exploration of problems. Scientific approaches
provide means of accuracy, reliability, and validity. They also offer a shared basis for
discussions and analysis of findings (Withrow, 2016, pg63).
Scientific methods applied in the criminal and justice system has advantages and
demerits. Scientific methods are based on facts hence reliable on when finding the truth. Despite
IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
that, science cannot be free from errors; thus cant have the full knowledge of the world. The
following are some of the merits of the scientific methods in research; scientific methods are
based on empirical evidence; they are characterized by proof and verification. Scientific
methods are found by reasoning and observation, and it’s cautious since the theories that support
them are backed up.
The experimental techniques have also received some criticism with the argument that
nothing has full knowledge of the world. Research can deceive us since it dwells on an
incomplete picture of the world. A sense of biases may be present since the ones who conduct
research are human beings. Data collected needs to be interpreted; hence errors could be made,
and finally, there is no way to prove what is real or not; therefore some things could be
illusions(Maxfield & Babbie ,2017,pg 124).
Scientific methods help to understand the sources of information for thorough research
and investigations where the study of past events, as well as new ways that will generate data,
are interrelated. Through the use of scientific methods, there are three sources of evidence an
investigator can obtain information from it. They are interviewing the people connected to a
case, for example, the witnesses, suspects, surviving victims or various associates of suspects in
a crime scene. People can be open and truthful while others can lie and distort facts or even
refuse to cooperate hence hindering data collection. Witnesses may be confused on what they
observed as memory is not ever reliable consequently may be biased by personal, societal or
professional schemas. For quality and practical research, researchers on criminal and justice
departments must learn to get people to cooperate with them and sort out lies and mistakes that
may accrue during criminal inquiries.
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IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
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References
Casey, E. (2011). Digital evidence and computer crime: Forensic science, computers, and the
internet. Academic press.
Lee, H. C. (1992). Forensic Science and the Law. Conn. L. Rev., 25, 1117.
Maxfield, M.G. & Babbie, E.R. (2017). Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology
(8th Ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage.
Withrow L B (2016) Research Methods in Crime and Justice;Taylor& Francis
Hagan E f (2017) Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology; Pearson
Education.
IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
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Importance of scientific method in criminal justice system
Raed Alqarni
University of New Haven
Scientific Methods In Criminal Justice
IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
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Importance of scientific method in criminal justice system
Introduction
The research paper will cover agiencies for detaining and controlling offerders. The
scientific methods utilized in criminal justice helps to produce empirical information which helps
to support the hypothesis. Hence ,the key aim of research is to produce evidence about a given
situation. In addition, research method is more usefull when conducted using the appropriate
steps of research. Research and scientific method have proved to be of great importance in
justice sytem as it enhance more understanding of a situation. My document is a comprehensive
analysis about the importance of scientific method utilized in criminal justice system.
IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
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References
Casey, E. (2011). Digital evidence and computer crime: Forensic science, computers, and the
internet. Academic press.
Lee, H. C. (1992). Forensic Science and the Law. Conn. L. Rev., 25, 1117.
Maxfield, M.G. & Babbie, E.R. (2017). Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology
(8th Ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage.
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