Veterans With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD and Stigma Analysis I have attached the rubric and milestones with feedback, please address all feedback

Veterans With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD and Stigma Analysis I have attached the rubric and milestones with feedback, please address all feedback and follow rubric and prompt very closely.  ONLY USE THE TWO REFERENCE that are in the fourth milestone for sources, except use the text for psychological theory reference, listed below.  
Also attached is a sample of a correct and accurate ACTION PLAN, please look at for form and structure and to see what the teacher is looking for.  
THIS IS THE CHOSEN TOPIC:
Veterans With PTSD and Stigma: How can psychological research, theories, and perspectives be used to decrease stigma for veterans with PTSD seeking treatment?
TEXT BOOK: 
Myers, D.  (2017). Psychology(5th ed.). Asheville, NC: Soomo Learning. Available from http://www.webtexts.com Summer Fish
February 22, 2019
FEEDBACK: Good description of the problem and some resulting consequences if the problem is
not addressed.
Articulation of Response:
Nice work in this area.
Milestone 1
Ultimately, the problem involving veterans suffering from PTSD is significant to the
contemporary population. Noting the existence of challenges associated with serving the country
at war, the government provides medical services to veterans, among which include treatment for
mental health issues. PTSD qualifies under the mental health issues, but it would be important to
note that one ought to have met the prerequisite qualifications for him or her to receive care
under the veteran affairs medical cover (APHA, 2014). Notably, while this guarantees that only
those that have served the country receive the necessary care and ensures that the resources are
appropriately used to meet the needs of the deserving populations, some of the conditions leave
some veterans without the care necessary, primarily due to their inability to meet the minimum
qualifications. Although some health services and counseling is available, many veterans face
stigma from other servicemen, friends, family or even themselves. PTSD is a serious disorder
that can attribute to mental illness, anxiety, domestic violence, alcohol or drug abuse, self-harm,
inability to work, and suicide.
The Department of Veterans Affairs is one of the most important sources of information
related to cases of challenges experienced by veterans. In particular, statistics collected by the
department indicated that at least 11-20 in every 100 veterans suffered from Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder (PTSD) from the two most recent milady operations (DVA, n.d.). Notably,
different soldiers experienced significant stress in their war environments, which was further
exacerbated by the combat situation in the frontline. Coming back to the country to find that they
would not receive help to facilitate ease of transition into the home environment provided further
challenges to the soldiers, in effect making the situations worse. According to the American
Public Health Association (2014), 56% to 87% of service members who are showing signs of
distress do not seek or receive treatment.
References
American Public Health Association (2014, November 18). Removing barriers to mental health
services for veterans. Retrieved from https://www.apha.org/policies-andadvocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2015/01/28/14/51/removingbarriers-to-mental-health-services-for-veterans
U.S Department of Veterans Affairs (n.d). How Common is PTSD in Veterans. Retrieved from
https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/common/common_veterans.asp
Running head: CREDIBLE EVIDENCE EVALUATION
Credible Evidence Evaluation
Summer Fish
Southern New Hampshire University
1
CREDIBLE EVIDENCE EVALUATION
2
FEEDBACK:
Getting Started: Credible:
Good discussion of the articles!
Getting Started: Discerned:
Say more about the credibility of the authors. What are the authors’ credentials, and how do you
know that the publication is credible? More details were needed.
Getting Started: Credible Evidence:
Yes; credible sources provide validity and support for the claims in your paper.
Getting Started: Fundamental Theories:
What were the specific fundamental theories that were identified in the articles? The major
psychological perspectives are described in Unit 1. See Table 1 on page 1.4 for the fundamental
perspectives that apply to the various theories.
USE THIS LINK FOR TABLE:
http://www.macmillanhighered.com/BrainHoney/Resource/22292/digital_first_content/trunk/tes
t/pel3e/asset/ch01/ch01_tab01.html
Getting Started: Ethical Guidelines:
Good discussion of ethics.
Articulation of Response:
Nice job with citations!
Credible Evidence Evaluation
The use of credible evidence to support my action plan is an essential element of the
research study since it would enhance the quality of the discussions on the topic and strengthen
the claims on the significance of the conceptual and theoretical frameworks. Also, researchers
depend on this scholarly evidence to highlight the applicability and generalization of their
findings to different circumstances, which makes these results significant contributors to the
expansion of the literature on the topic or subject. An additional reason for the use of credible
evidence is how the target audience for academic studies is concerned with the determination of
CREDIBLE EVIDENCE EVALUATION
3
the credibility of the author by measuring several criteria that are necessary for increasing their
understanding of the ideas and concepts that are discussed in a research paper. Therefore, the
objective of this evaluation paper is the explanation of the processing for categorizing two of the
articles as credible sources and how the evidence that is contained in them would support my
action plan.
Vogt, Fox, and Leone (2014) wrote that the aim of the investigation into the relationship
between mental health beliefs and the capacity for young adult veterans to seek treatment for the
mental health disorders was to emphasize the significance of the healthcare services to the
mental wellbeing. While the conduct of this research study was necessary for the veterans since
they perceive the existence of barriers to mental health services, the scholars needed to ensure
their findings are supported with credible evidence to help this category of patients to seek
prompt medical attention. Aside from the role of the research problem in conferring the
credibility status to the study, the contents of the article were peer-reviewed to ascertain the
relevance and currency of the data collection and analysis methods and the overall organization
of the publication. Also, Vogt et al. (2014) are experts on mental health due to their type of
qualification and experience in their respective fields of psychology. Therefore, the authority of
the authors of the article, the currency and relevance of the information and data, and their
research activities on related subjects and topics are evidence of the credibility of this source.
Meanwhile, specific parameters are used to discern the credibility of scholarly
publications and relevance to the proposed action plan for improving the mental health of
veterans. One of the parameters that can be used to test the credibility of a source is the absence
of bias or otherwise to other cohorts, which represented by its peer-review status. Additional
criteria that are useful for discerning the credibility of an article include the reputation of the
CREDIBLE EVIDENCE EVALUATION
4
publisher and adherence to ethical standards for human subjects. In the case of the report by
Vogt et al. (2014), the evaluation revealed compliance with all the parameters that were
described in the previous paragraphs and the effective use of data, tables, and information from
the literature. Also, the source is relevant to my action plan for helping veterans with mental
health problems to solve them because the scholars considered all dimensions of the problem
including workplace stigmatization. In spite of the alignment of the study procedure with
international standards for the evaluation of the different types of mental health issues, the
researchers did not provide a theoretical framework or highlight efforts to comply with some of
the ethical guidelines of psychology. For example, there was no information on the approval
from the Institution Review Board (IRB) for the research methodology and measures for the
protection of the confidentiality of the information that was provided by the study participants.
The analysis of the article titled, “Help-seeking stigma and mental health treatment
seeking among young adult veterans”, showed that it is a credible source because it was
published according to the standards and requirement of the National Institute of Health. It is a
publishing medium that provides a detailed description of the experience and expertise of the
authors, which not only helps the audience to identify them but ensure that the findings from the
study are peer-reviewed before publication. Also, the source is a credible one because of the role
of its contents to the development of more in-depth insights into the biopsychosocial factors for
the mental health status of veterans, which were supported by several research findings from
other studies in the literature. However, the need to use the parameters for testing the credibility
informed the evaluation of the authority of the scholars, relevance and currency of the
information to the action plan, and accuracy of the data and figures that were used to support the
claims of the authors. In this regard, this article by Kulesza, Pedersen, Corrigan, and Marshall
CREDIBLE EVIDENCE EVALUATION
5
(2015) met all these criteria, especially its examination of how the adverse perceptions of public
stigma affect care and are profound among young adult servicemen and women.
Furthermore, the credible evidence in this article would support some of the elements of
the actions plan because of the use of study group that represents the sample population for the
study, which includes servicemen and women. An additional aspect of this article that informed
the decision to selection it as the source of evidence for the claims that would be included in the
action plan is the potential of the findings to contribute to the development of intervention
strategies for veterans that suffer from PTSD but who refuse to seek professional help due to
perceived public stigma. Also, the scholar complied with the ethical guidelines of psychology by
protecting the confidentiality of participant information, removal of study bias against vulnerable
groups, and use of informed consents to promote voluntary participation in the study. Finally, the
research methodologies used by Kulesza et al. (2015) was based on relevant theories and
analytical procedures to increase the reliability and validity of the research findings.
References
Kulesza, M., Pedersen, E. R., Corrigan, P. W., & Marshall, G. N. (2015). Help-seeking stigma
and mental health treatment seeking among young adult veterans. Military behavioral
health, 3(4), 230-239.
Vogt, D., Fox, A. B., & Di Leone, B. A. (2014). Mental health beliefs and their relationship with
treatment seeking among US OEF/OIF veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27(3), 307313.
Running head: PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ACTION PLAN
Psychological Theories and Perspectives for Action Plan
Name
Institution
1
PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ACTION PLAN
FEEDBACK:
Plan Support: Fundamental Theories:
2
Nice job with
identification of fundamental theories.
Plan Support: Apply:
Good work with this section!
Plan Support: Perspectives:
Nice job with the discussion of various perspectives.
Plan Support: Ethical Implications:
Good work with identification of relevant ethical codes.
Articulation of Response: Overall, good work in this area. Please refrain from using numerical
headings in the paper.
Psychological Theories and Perspectives for Action Plan
1
A psychological perspective that is related to the struggles of veterans with PTSD is the
socio-cultural perspective (Vogt, Fox, & Di Leone, 2014). It is one that can help over the stigma
of mental illness in the home and workplace by the patients to build strong connections with their
colleagues and loved ones.
2
Social Exclusion theory is a theoretical framework that consists of principles that can be
used to understand the impacts of stigmatization on military veterans diagnosed with PTSD
(Vogt et al., 2014). The theory examines the potential behavioral tendencies of these veterans
after deployment, which could result in the isolated feelings that exacerbate their PTSD
symptoms and reoccurrence of some of the traumatic experiences that occurred during combat.
3
PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ACTION PLAN
3
The concept of belongingness is a psychological one that is related to the stigma-related
issues those military veterans with PTSD faces and one that has limited their ability to seek help
for the mental condition (Kuleza, Pedersen, & Marshall, 2015). Also, this concept is useful for
determining the factors that serve as barriers to treatment since the combat military personnel are
trained to maintain a strong bond with members of their units and use the relationship to ensure
the successful completion of the mission.
4
The relevant APA Ethics Code that requires the most significant consideration when
dealing with veterans who are struggling with PTSD and its associated stigma is informed
consent for research. It is the standard that is required to ensure that the findings from the
therapeutic relationship are valid and reliable. Also, it is critical to consider the ethics code of
confidentiality when addressing the issues of PTSD among this patient population since it is
essential for protecting the identity of the veterans, increasing their potential to seek help, and
educating the public on the adverse effects of stigmatizing mental health patients.
Plan Support
Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory is a relevant framework for addressing some of the
stigma-related factors that contribute to the issues faced by veterans diagnosed with PTSD. The
social interaction principle of the theory includes the focus on the involvement of patients in
their communities and with family members can provide the insights that are required for
eliminating the barriers that are created through stigmatization. Also, the social exclusion theory
can be used to understand the situational variables that could influence their behaviors of the
veterans who are struggling with the stigma of PTSD, especially those that occur at the
PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ACTION PLAN
4
interpersonal levels and could lead to the aggressive practice that contributes to the feeling of
isolation (Vogts et al., 2014). Finally, this theoretical perspective is relevant for identifying some
of the cognitive biases including the fundamental attribution error and the actor-observer bias
that make the post-deployment integration of veterans difficult. Therefore, these psychological
theories can be used to develop the therapeutic approaches that are based on the socio-cultural
factors that result in the problems.
The principles of the socio-cultural theory can be applied to the efforts of dealing with
the stigmatization problems that veteran with PTSD experiences through the education of the
families and colleagues of the patients on the symptoms of the mental disorder. According to
Kuleza et al. (2015), some of the problems that these patients are facing are cultural, which
results in perceptions that isolate or exclude them from the groups that they are trained to
support. When this assertion is placed in the context of the problem, then the incorporation of a
spouse into the therapeutic sessions after the education on the misconceptions on PTSD is an
appropriate intervention for removing the stigmas that are experienced by the patients during
their social interactions. Also, the findings from the study on perception and its role in the
development of stigma among military veterans showed that use of the concepts and ideas from
the social exclusion theory can be help in the development of schemes that would recreate the
support and togetherness that these veterans enjoyed during their missions and are trained to
promote throughout their lives.
Meanwhile, the behavioral perspective is another area of psychology that can be used to
approach some of the issues that veterans who are diagnosed with PTSD. As a field of
psychology that considers the consequences of the observable and over behaviors that are
learned from the individual’s environment, it can provide measures that can be used for the
PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ACTION PLAN
5
modification of the perceptions that result in the stigma and unwillingness of veterans to seek
help for their conditions. Also, the perspective of cognitive psychologists on the role of the
internal mental states of patients in the development of their behavior and actions can be used to
deal with the negative effects of stigma against military veterans with PTSD (Vogts et al., 2014).
Therefore, the focus on the scientific approaches for improving the cognition of people can help
in the education of the patients’ families and their colleagues in the military and reduce the
perceptions that lead to the prejudices and discriminatory practices against the veterans who are
suffering from mental disorders.
Finally, one of the ethical implications that should be considered is the need to modify
the code of conduct that is used by the military to deal with the bias and prejudice against
veterans who are diagnosed with PTSD. Also, the need to maintain the confidentiality and
privacy of the participants is a consideration for all researchers that conduct studies that include
human subjects since failure to do so could result in the violation of the APA Ethics Code. A
final aspect of consideration is the understanding of the patients, their families, and friends on
the importance of the informed consent form and how their rights to discontinue the intervention
at any period of the study. Therefore, the families would need to be informed on their obligations
to protect the information given to them during their participation in the therapeutic sessions,
which is necessary for meeting the ethical standards that are related to the different aspects of the
action plan.
PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ACTION PLAN
6
References
Kulesza, M., Pedersen, E. R., Corrigan, P. W., & Marshall, G. N. (2015). Help-seeking stigma
and mental health treatment seeking among young adult veterans. Military behavioral
health, 3(4), 230-239.
Vogt, D., Fox, A. B., & Di Leone, B. A. (2014). Mental health beliefs and their relationship with
treatment seeking among US OEF/OIF veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27(3), 307313.
Running Head: RECOMMENDATIONS
1
Recommendations for Action Plan
Summer Fish
Southern New Hampshire University
April 7, 2019
RECOMMENDATIONS
2
FEEDBACK AFTER GRADING (Received a “C”) Action Plan:
Overall Action Plan: Please be sure to focus your action plan on
reducing or eliminating the stigma surrounding treatmentseeking. Both recommendations will help veterans, but neither
address the issue of stigma.
Action Plan: Recommendations: Both recommendations will help
veterans, but neither address the issue of stigma.
Action Plan: Fundamental Theories and Perspectives: How would
you apply the fundamental theories to the issue of stigma?
Action Plan: Ethical Guidelines of Psychology: Given that we are
dealing with stigma, the issue of confidentiality needs to be
considered. And ethical code needs to be included.
Articulation of Response:Nice work in this area.
Recommendations for Action Plan
The goal of my Action Plan is to address specific actions that can be taken to help
veterans who are struggling with PTSD actively participate and seek out treatment for their
affliction. The action plan will also seek to reduce stigma related to mental health and
treatment seeking among military personal and veterans.
It is important to establish a sense of belongingness between the veterans and the
community (Vogt, Fox, & Di Leone, 2014). The sense of belongingness will allow veterans
to return to society after their time at war and still belong to that community. Military
personnel are trained to foster strong bonds with their fellow military people and these
RECOMMENDATIONS
3
relationships remain even after the missions are completed (Vogt et al., 2014). Establishing
this sense of belonging in the community allows the people to accept veteran as part of their
community and to have them re-join the …
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