Discussion responses (JUS510)

I’m stuck on a Law question and need an explanation.

1- Research strategies may come in different forms depending on what is being research or examined. Think about a system that has many moving parts and one will not work without the other. That is how research is seen from exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory in which all these elements will bring the investigation closer to the objective and the end results. According to Miller (2015) mentioned on the subject “a survey is a system used for collecting information and many may be made of questions that will define the objective of the research” (paras. 2-3. By using exploratory research, it may subsequently bring clarity and perhaps help to formulate a statement or a theory.

Descriptive research may have more guidelines, perhaps describing population, products, and situations. This approach will also help describe characteristics, and probability sampling techniques. Lastly, explanatory research is used to explain why the occurrence, or it may also predict future occurrence such as crime rates and recidivism in state prisons. Social scientist frequently question “why” at risk youth end up in prisons? What may be the driving force behind such phenomenon? Is it environment, drugs, upbringing in the household or peer pressures?

Miller, W. (2005). Introduction: Conducting Research Online: A Survey of the Information Map. Journal of Library Administration, 43(3–4), 1–7. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1300/J111v43…

2-The use of survey research in exploratory, descriptive, explanatory & evaluation studies is one of the more popular and important methods of research that is used for its efficiency in collecting data from various social settings and people (Bachman & Schutt, 2020). Survey research, with all of its components has a higher probability of calculating a more accurate conclusion in research as opposed to other methods that may be utilized.

Explanatory research concludes causes and effects of social phenomena (Bachman & Schutt, 2020). Combining Explanatory & survey research would seek to identify a more accurate conclusion or theory that holds more merit in criminal and social situations. The research question would be “What role does the criminal justice system have in reducing recidivism in the United States?”

Reference:

Bachman, R. & Schutt, R. (2020) The Practice of Research in Criminology & Criminal Justice. Sage Publications, Inc. Grand Canyon University

3-The four major types of secondary data are obtained from surveys, official statistics, official records and other historical documents (Bachman & Schutt, 2020). Some of the secondary data includes crime reports, surveys from offenders or victims, court reporting & adjudication information, journal articles, e-articles, and independent peer reviewed/published research. Some of the disadvantages of secondary research, like historical data, is the probability of a mistake in reporting, inaccurate reporting, or omission based on a bias. Some of the advantages of secondary data is that a lot of this has been known to provide accuracy in trends or patterns in crime, which historically have been known to be useful in investigations (Bachman & Schutt, 2020). Additionally, this type of analysis has been known to be a time and money saver.

Reference:

Bachman, R. & Schutt, R. (2020) The Practice of Research in Criminology & Criminal Justice. Sage Publications, Inc. Grand Canyon University

4- Secondary data is data that is not acquired personally and already exists . The four major types of secondary data are historical documents, surveys, official statistics, and official records. Historical documents are things like the Declaration of Independence, the Emancipation Proclamation, or the constitution. These are documents that are protected. Surveys are a form of qualitative data that is acquired through questions period these questions can either be asked by an interviewer or be self-administered and answered. Official statistics are information that are gathered and presented in numbers, for example, the percentage of people in the US that are unemployed or the % of juveniles that are arrested for violent crime. Official records are things like a police report that is created by someone that is considered an official.

While secondary data can help save time and money, it can often be unreliable. Surveys that are not collected in the appropriate manner or that ask questions in the incorrect manner can skew the results of the research question.

Bachman, R. & Schutt, R. (2020) The Practice of Research in Criminology & Criminal Justice. Sage Publications, Inc. Grand Canyon University