Bloomsburg University International and Humanitarian Disaster Management HW I have 2 of my classmates posts. I need you to respond to each one separately.

Bloomsburg University International and Humanitarian Disaster Management HW I have 2 of my classmates posts. I need you to respond to each one separately. Also, two sources at least for each one of them. Don’t write about how good their posts or how bad. All you need to do is to choose one point of the post and explore it a little bit with one source support for each response. The paper should be APA style.

– pleas use proper APA6 references format and in-line citation.

– Minimum words for every respond 300

-Minimum refernces 2

All the details in the attached below First Post: Sami
The humanitarian system is facing a great crisis that has existed even after the
development, institutionalization, and the growth of professionalization. This is one of the areas
lagging in terms of delivery despite bringing on strong board tools as well as providing the
necessary funds for delivering the services. It is clear from the recent emergencies that the
humanitarian system has never learned of the past and not yet ready to provide much-needed
success. There are still issues going around the system, and that is, however, to be made clear.
In most cases, the department has been let down by the existing governance systems.
People are yet to embrace the humanitarian system as a fully-fledged system. There is a human
made crisis in this system, which is more than the funds and professionalism in conducting the
work. The system is still behind due to the existing mindset and the methods used in the delivery
of humanitarian aid. The system is to take a clear stand regarding the partnership between the
investors and the implementers as it ought to have done for many years.
The system should, in the first place, understand that aid is not political. Sitting in the
House of Representatives and passing the law on providing humanitarian support is not all that is
needed for the system. More consequences that are negative might come up from afflicted
persons whenever the aid is politicized(Potts et al., 2013).
Time has come that the humanitarian system will be needed to look and address the point
of origin to prevent the crisis. Providing food and shelter is not enough in the current crisis.
Thus, the humanitarian system should look at this with a broader mind that will ensure that the
people who flee their homes are rescued and undergo restoration and return to ensure they do not
continue suffering even at the hands of the system itself(Aubyn, 2013). The system has to bring a
mind of trust and reconciliation. It is time for the system to move from the traditional view of a
political and impartial way of doing things. Sometimes even the most developed humanitarian
organizations will fail to work together with the other small organizations due to such issues.
All these concerns and the changes will ensure that the system moves from the traditional
point of view and work towards growing a whole new system. It will help solve the most
common humanitarian crisis and more; help develop a new approach to humanitarian aid. More
so, the humanitarian aid will not depend on the politics of the day and will not rely on the past
decision in making relief decisions. It is good to put in place strategies and the tools that will
hold on the new demands. This will include a complete change of culture and the mindset among
the existing and upcoming systems.
References
Aubyn, F. (2013, January). Unpacking the Humanitarian and Security Repercussions of the Sahel
Crises on West Africa. The draft paper for the 4th Marrakesh Security Forum in Morocco (pp.
25-26).
Potts, M., Henderson, C., & Campbell, M. (2013). The Sahel: A Malthusian Challenge?.
Environmental and Resource Economics, 55(4), 501-512.
https://fic.tufts.edu/wp-content/uploads/Sahel-case-study-Final-09-05-16.pdf
second Post: Sami
Discuss your thoughts on the evolving causes of crises.
Disasters are increasing dramatically year after year. As a result, that places humanitarian institutions at the
forefront of every crisis. However, I believe that irresponsibility, corruption, and weak disaster management systems
are a fertile environment in which disasters evolve. For instance, people think that damage resulting from natural
disasters is no one’s fault. But, looking from a wider angle, the weak infrastructure, the corruption that allowed
people to build their houses in flood plain or to build without proper building codes, and the human action that lead
to climate change are what lead to disasters. According to Cox & Cox (2014), what kills people during an
earthquake is the human-built structure, not the shaking ground. For instance, Haiti’s earthquake in 2010 was one of
the most devastating disasters in history that claimed hundreds of thousands of lives. Still, the absence of building
codes was one of the leading causes that led to almost all buildings in the capital to collapse on people (Kirsch et al.,
2012).
Moreover, I believe the political games and violence are other reasons that help the crisis to evolve
worldwide. Many countries have been suffering from armed conflicts such as Iraq, Somalia, Syria, and the list can
go on (Withnall, 2014). According to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
OCHA (2019), until early 2019, the number of people in need for humanitarian aid, mostly due to armed conflicts,
reached 140 million. Taking this week’s reading as an example, the conflict in Syria resulted in one of the most
massive humanitarian crisis in the world (Howe, 2016). For instance, more than 10 million people fled the conflict
area to neighbor countries due to violence and terrorism (Howe, 2016). In fact, I can see how a disaster may lead,
indirectly, to another humanitarian situation. For instance, in Lebanon, as a neighbor country to Syria, some
Lebanese arguing that the Syrians are taking their jobs, which increases the violence towards the Syrians refugees.
Consequently, this situation can affect the refugees as well as the Lebanese.
How do you see the described changes impacting humanitarian aid?
There is no doubt that the humanitarian aid system is changing as the causes of disasters are evolving.
Corruption, political wars, and the attempts to impose control, that resulted in armed conflict, have impacted
negatively on the humanitarian relief operations. However, humanitarian assistance access to some countries
affected by politics can be difficult and prevent aid agencies from doing their jobs. Some countries may deny
receiving aid and let their citizens suffer for some political games, and that exactly what was happened in Venezuela
when the president prohibited aid arrival (NRP, 2019). Furthermore, humanitarian workers are facing the danger of
attacks in those countries. During the last ten years, more than 300 have been affected by violence actions (Harmer,
2018). However, some donors use humanitarian crises to provide aid for other purposes, such as getting people to
promote their political or other campaigns. Howe (2016) stated that humanitarian action had been affected by
donors’ interests and political situations. Overall, the humanitarian situation became more complicated and divergent
than before, and serves many agendas other than saving lives.
How would you prepare and respond to this changing landscape?
The preparation for these changes is a collective work among the international aid agencies. I believe that
emphasis should be placed on respecting international laws for the relief of those in need. Imposing sanctions is one
way to prevent violence and corruption that increase disasters. Moreover, conducting awareness programs about
people’s rights to build in safe areas, for example, can decrease the losses of natural disasters. Also, these programs
will force the officials in the country to meet people’s needs, and that will expose corruption. Furthermore, before
the response to a country where there is a conflict, I suggest having a pre-agreement with the officials in that
country, which guarantee humanitarian aid works safety and smooth delivery of the aid. Further, I will conduct
programs to educate the responders about safety measures, and where they can go or who they can reach in case of
emergency.
References
Harmer A. (2018). Aid worker deaths: The numbers tell the story. Retrieved from
https://www.unocha.org/story/aid-worker-deaths-numbers-tell-story
National public radio. (2019). Humanitarian aid arrives for Venezuela — But Maduro blocks it.
Kirsch T., Sauer L., and Sapir D. (2012). Analysis of the International and U.S. Response
to the Haiti Earthquake: Recommendations for Change. P.200-206. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23077262
Withnall A. (2014). World peace? These are the only 11 countries in the world that are actually
free from conflict. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/world-peace-theseare-the-only-11-countries-in-the-world-that-are-actually-free-from-conflict-9669623.html
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA. (2019).
Humanitarian relief operations in armed conflict: IHL framework. Reprieved from
https://www.unocha.org/sites/unocha/files/Fact-Sheet_Humanitarian_Relief_Operations%20%20January%202019.pdf
Cox P., & Cox S. (2016). Natural disasters are less natural than you think. Retrieved from
https://www.sapiens.org/culture/natural-disaster-less-natural-than-you-think/
Howe K. (2016). Planning from the future. Retrieved from
https://bblearn.philau.edu/bbcswebdav/courses/19FL-DMM-613-1-2-999/syria_case_study.pdf

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