University of Nairobi Info-Tech in The Global Economy Discussion Topic: Info Tech in Global Economy Question: Chapter 17 – According to Trutnev, Vidyasova, and Chugunov (2015), informational and analytical activities and forecasting for the process of socio-economic development should be an important element of all levels of governmental administration. The development of methods and tools to support government decision-making on the basis of the analysis of information has a long history and their use has traditionally been included as a component of national development programs to include the development of the information society in Russia, and its regions, particularly – Saint Petersburg. Q1: Five sections were identified in the chapter case study and we were walked through each one explaining what happened. What were these five sections? Identify and name those five sections Q2: When looking at the Analytical Centers in the Russian Federation, the authors have indicated that they believed that the first theoretical approaches and practical developments related to the implementation of socioeconomic processes information-analytical system were implemented in the early 1970s by Beer Stafford —the father of management cybernetics. From this development, the control program for the established system (Cyberstrider) was written by Chilean experts in collaboration with British scientists. With this revelation in mind, what were the four system levels of administration identified? Identify and name those four system levels of administration Instructions: Need 3 Responses for other student posts with APA references Minimum 150 words for each response (use uploaded document to see other student posts) Textbook attached No plagiarism please. Topic: Info Tech in Global Economy
Question:
Chapter 17 – According to Trutnev, Vidyasova, and Chugunov (2015), informational and
analytical activities and forecasting for the process of socio-economic development should be an
important element of all levels of governmental administration. The development of methods
and tools to support government decision-making on the basis of the analysis of information has
a long history and their use has traditionally been included as a component of national
development programs to include the development of the information society in Russia, and its
regions, particularly – Saint Petersburg.
Q1: Five sections were identified in the chapter case study and we were walked through each
one explaining what happened. What were these five sections?
•
Identify and name those five sections
Q2: When looking at the Analytical Centers in the Russian Federation, the authors have
indicated that they believed that the first theoretical approaches and practical developments
related to the implementation of socioeconomic processes information-analytical system were
implemented in the early 1970s by Beer Stafford —the father of management cybernetics.
From this development, the control program for the established system (Cyberstrider) was
written by Chilean experts in collaboration with British scientists. With this revelation in mind,
what were the four system levels of administration identified?
•
Identify and name those four system levels of administration
Instructions:
•
Need 3 Responses for other student posts with APA references
•
Minimum 150 words for each response (use uploaded document to see other student
posts)
•
Textbook attached
•
No plagiarism please.
Initial Post 1:
Q1:
In the case studies, we have seen the history and current state overview with the implementation
of information processing techniques and practices for the understanding of public
administration in the Russian federation. The usage of information-analytical systems in Russia
and the identification of key challenges and developments that the government face is explained.
This is covered in five sections;
Section 1 narrates the analytical centers in the Russian Federation and their development over
time.
Section 2 covers the data that is related to the implementation of situational administration theory
in Russia.
Section 3 contains essential information that is related to administration, and it’s functions of
information systems.
Section 4 describes the application of information-analytical systems in relation to regional
aspects.
Section 5 includes the development and challenges faced by the government.
Q2:
From analytical centers in Russian federation and their development over time, the initial
approaches and practical developments relating to the implementation of information-analytical
systems were introduced in the 1970s by Beer Stafford, who is known as the father of the
management cybernetics (Stafford 1994). Viable system model (VSM) was described in the
book, Brain of the Firm (Stafford 1994). Chilean experts, along with British scientists, created a
control program for an established system (Cyberstrider). By using Telex systems, hundreds of
enterprises were connected to the network Cybernet. Real-time data is gathered to a central
location, which is at the presidential palace “La Moneda” (Santiago). All associated peripheral
equipment and the system is implemented on a mainframe IBM 360. There are four levels of
administration to which the system is provided, along with feedback are The Enterprise, industry,
economy, and global.
The functionality of the system determined the possible sequence of solutions emerging
organizational problems using algorithms. The problems used to take automated escalation to
higher levels if the issue is not resolved at the lowest level in a certain period of time.
Initial Post 2:
Q1:
The case study revolves around the Government of Saint Petersburg, specifically the Anti-Drug
Commission of Saint Petersburg. The first section of the analysis is the policy that was meant to
combat the spread of drugs (Trutnev, Vidyasova, & Chugunov,2015). The second section is the
section on the response system. Under this section, the federal response system is made up of the
federation that is in charge of the spread of narcotics in Russia and the Ministry of Internal
Affairs; head by the security service (Trutnev et al., 2015). The third section is the section on
situation of the problem in the field of drug addiction. In this section, the situation is analyzed,
and the outcome of the proliferation is given. The fourth section entails reflecting the problem of
the system that is meant to offer response to the situation. The components of this system are
majorly internet-base, social media as well as blogosphere(Trutnev et al., 2015).The last section
is to monitor the situation problem and later on the model and forecast the situation to come up
with the best decisions.
Q2:
The first level of system administration identified is the level of central information system. At
this level, it is the primary level where information is collected, processed, and stored with the
aim of dissemination (Trutnev et al., 2015). The second level is the departmental level. Under
this level, the information is at the standards of the various departments and can be used to make
salient decisions. The thirds kevel is the regional information level (Trutnev et al., 2015). The
regions that are specific to this level are the levels of the Russian Federation, which need
integration into the system. The final level is the national level. In this level, the administration
takes place at the national level of the Russian national federation as the information handled is
of national magnitude.
Initial Post 3:
Q1:
The five sections identified in the case study according to the chapter (Trutnev, Vidyasova,
and Chugunov, 2015) are the below explained. The chapter consists of five sections that deal
with the development of methods and tools to support government especially at Saint Petersburg.
•
Section 1 is about the development of analytical centers in the Russian Federation over
time. In detail, it explains how the identical centers were developed at the USSR (Russian
Federation) over the past times.
•
Section 2 is about the implementation of situational administration theory in Russia. In
details about the various situations, the Russian government came across and experienced
while implementing the administration (Trutnev et al., 2015)
•
Section 3 is about the information about the functions of the information system
Administration. This section gives more functional details on the Administration and the
Information System being applied at Russia by its government over the periods of time
•
Section 4 is about the regional aspects of the implementation of information-analytical
systems. This section in details the other various aspects encountered during the
implementation of information and analytical systems (Trutnev et al., 2015)
•
Section 5 provided outlining the challenges and the developments that are faced by the
government, discussed in all the above sections. Also concludes the resources and their
fully leveraging (utilization) process in the government implementation projects at
various processes.
Q2:
Looking close at the analytical centers, the system was provided with four levels of
administration:
1. Enterprise
2. Industry
3. Economy
4. Global
All the above levels are crucial in the process. Enterprise level is the infrastructure as the core
requirement to implemented by solution the enterprise setup is mandatory. Industry is the sector
of the area where this solution can be applied to implement. The Economy for any set of sector
or industry is being managed by the set of owners and they should have an overall knowledge.
The Global is the overall presidency on all the levels of administration to control the process and
manage accordingly.
Public Administration and Information
Technology
Volume 10
Series Editor
Christopher G. Reddick
San Antonio, Texas, USA
w.jager@rug.nl
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10796
w.jager@rug.nl
Marijn Janssen • Maria A. Wimmer
Ameneh Deljoo
Editors
Policy Practice and Digital
Science
Integrating Complex Systems, Social
Simulation and Public Administration
in Policy Research
2123
w.jager@rug.nl
Editors
Marijn Janssen
Faculty of Technology, Policy, and
Management
Delft University of Technology
Delft
The Netherlands
Ameneh Deljoo
Faculty of Technology, Policy, and
Management
Delft University of Technology
Delft
The Netherlands
Maria A. Wimmer
Institute for Information Systems Research
University of Koblenz-Landau
Koblenz
Germany
ISBN 978-3-319-12783-5
ISBN 978-3-319-12784-2 (eBook)
Public Administration and Information Technology
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-12784-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014956771
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York London
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the
material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors
or omissions that may have been made.
Printed on acid-free paper
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
w.jager@rug.nl
Preface
The last economic and financial crisis has heavily threatened European and other
economies around the globe. Also, the Eurozone crisis, the energy and climate
change crises, challenges of demographic change with high unemployment rates,
and the most recent conflicts in the Ukraine and the near East or the Ebola virus
disease in Africa threaten the wealth of our societies in different ways. The inability
to predict or rapidly deal with dramatic changes and negative trends in our economies
and societies can seriously hamper the wealth and prosperity of the European Union
and its Member States as well as the global networks. These societal and economic
challenges demonstrate an urgent need for more effective and efficient processes of
governance and policymaking, therewith specifically addressing crisis management
and economic/welfare impact reduction.
Therefore, investing in the exploitation of innovative information and communication technology (ICT) in the support of good governance and policy modeling
has become a major effort of the European Union to position itself and its Member
States well in the global digital economy. In this realm, the European Union has
laid out clear strategic policy objectives for 2020 in the Europe 2020 strategy1 : In
a changing world, we want the EU to become a smart, sustainable, and inclusive
economy. These three mutually reinforcing priorities should help the EU and the
Member States deliver high levels of employment, productivity, and social cohesion.
Concretely, the Union has set five ambitious objectives—on employment, innovation,
education, social inclusion, and climate/energy—to be reached by 2020. Along with
this, Europe 2020 has established four priority areas—smart growth, sustainable
growth, inclusive growth, and later added: A strong and effective system of economic governance—designed to help Europe emerge from the crisis stronger and to
coordinate policy actions between the EU and national levels.
To specifically support European research in strengthening capacities, in overcoming fragmented research in the field of policymaking, and in advancing solutions for
1
Europe 2020 http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/index_en.htm
v
w.jager@rug.nl
vi
Preface
ICT supported governance and policy modeling, the European Commission has cofunded an international support action called eGovPoliNet2 . The overall objective
of eGovPoliNet was to create an international, cross-disciplinary community of researchers working on ICT solutions for governance and policy modeling. In turn,
the aim of this community was to advance and sustain research and to share the
insights gleaned from experiences in Europe and globally. To achieve this, eGovPoliNet established a dialogue, brought together experts from distinct disciplines, and
collected and analyzed knowledge assets (i.e., theories, concepts, solutions, findings,
and lessons on ICT solutions in the field) from different research disciplines. It built
on case material accumulated by leading actors coming from distinct disciplinary
backgrounds and brought together the innovative knowledge in the field. Tools, methods, and cases were drawn from the academic community, the ICT sector, specialized
policy consulting firms as well as from policymakers and governance experts. These
results were assembled in a knowledge base and analyzed in order to produce comparative analyses and descriptions of cases, tools, and scientific approaches to enrich
a common knowledge base accessible via www.policy-community.eu.
This book, entitled “Policy Practice and Digital Science—Integrating Complex
Systems, Social Simulation, and Public Administration in Policy Research,” is one
of the exciting results of the activities of eGovPoliNet—fusing community building
activities and activities of knowledge analysis. It documents findings of comparative
analyses and brings in experiences of experts from academia and from case descriptions from all over the globe. Specifically, it demonstrates how the explosive growth
in data, computational power, and social media creates new opportunities for policymaking and research. The book provides a first comprehensive look on how to take
advantage of the development in the digital world with new approaches, concepts,
instruments, and methods to deal with societal and computational complexity. This
requires the knowledge traditionally found in different disciplines including public
administration, policy analyses, information systems, complex systems, and computer science to work together in a multidisciplinary fashion and to share approaches.
This book provides the foundation for strongly multidisciplinary research, in which
the various developments and disciplines work together from a comprehensive and
holistic policymaking perspective. A wide range of aspects for social and professional
networking and multidisciplinary constituency building along the axes of technology, participative processes, governance, policy modeling, social simulation, and
visualization are tackled in the 19 papers.
With this book, the project makes an effective contribution to the overall objectives of the Europe 2020 strategy by providing a better understanding of different
approaches to ICT enabled governance and policy modeling, and by overcoming the
fragmented research of the past. This book provides impressive insights into various
theories, concepts, and solutions of ICT supported policy modeling and how stakeholders can be more actively engaged in public policymaking. It draws conclusions
2
eGovPoliNet is cofunded under FP 7, Call identifier FP7-ICT-2011-7, URL: www.policycommunity.eu
w.jager@rug.nl
Preface
vii
of how joint multidisciplinary research can bring more effective and resilient findings for better predicting dramatic changes and negative trends in our economies and
societies.
It is my great pleasure to provide the preface to the book resulting from the
eGovPoliNet project. This book presents stimulating research by researchers coming
from all over Europe and beyond. Congratulations to the project partners and to the
authors!—Enjoy reading!
Thanassis Chrissafis
Project officer of eGovPoliNet
European Commission
DG CNECT, Excellence in Science, Digital Science
w.jager@rug.nl
Contents
1
Introduction to Policy-Making in the Digital Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marijn Janssen and Maria A. Wimmer
2
Educating Public Managers and Policy Analysts
in an Era of Informatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Christopher Koliba and Asim Zia
15
The Quality of Social Simulation: An Example from Research
Policy Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petra Ahrweiler and Nigel Gilbert
35
3
1
4
Policy Making and Modelling in a Complex World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wander Jager and Bruce Edmonds
5
From Building a Model to Adaptive Robust Decision Making
Using Systems Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Erik Pruyt
75
Features and Added Value of Simulation Models Using Different
Modelling Approaches Supporting Policy-Making: A Comparative
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dragana Majstorovic, Maria A.Wimmer, Roy Lay-Yee, Peter Davis
and Petra Ahrweiler
95
6
57
7
A Comparative Analysis of Tools and Technologies
for Policy Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Eleni Kamateri, Eleni Panopoulou, Efthimios Tambouris,
Konstantinos Tarabanis, Adegboyega Ojo, Deirdre Lee
and David Price
8
Value Sensitive Design of Complex Product Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Andreas Ligtvoet, Geerten van de Kaa, Theo Fens, Cees van Beers,
Paulier Herder and Jeroen van den Hoven
ix
w.jager@rug.nl
x
Contents
9
Stakeholder Engagement in Policy Development: Observations
and Lessons from International Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Natalie Helbig, Sharon Dawes, Zamira Dzhusupova, Bram Klievink
and Catherine Gerald Mkude
10 Values in Computational Models Revalued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Rebecca Moody and Lasse Gerrits
11 The Psychological Drivers of Bureaucracy: Protecting
the Societal Goals of an Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Tjeerd C. Andringa
12 Active and Passive Crowdsourcing in Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Euripidis Loukis and Yannis Charalabidis
13
Management of Complex Systems: Toward Agent-Based
Gaming for Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Wander Jager and Gerben van der Vegt
14 The Role of Microsimulation in the Development of Public Policy . . . 305
Roy Lay-Yee and Gerry Cotterell
15 Visual Decision Support for Policy Making: Advancing Policy
Analysis with Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Tobias Ruppert, Jens Dambruch, Michel Krämer, Tina Balke, Marco
Gavanelli, Stefano Bragaglia, Federico Chesani, Michela Milano
and Jörn Kohlhammer
16 Analysis of Five Policy Cases in the Field of Energy Policy . . . . . . . . . 355
Dominik Bär, Maria A.Wimmer, Jozef Glova, Anastasia
Papazafeiropoulou and Laurence Brooks
17
Challenges to Policy-Making in Developing Countries
and the Roles of Emerging Tools, Methods and Instruments:
Experiences from Saint Petersburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ….
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