Thesis Defense Is Abortion Ever Morally Justifiable Reflective Paper Good Morning, This paper is a “Thesis Defense” essay it has to be 5 pages not include

Thesis Defense Is Abortion Ever Morally Justifiable Reflective Paper Good Morning, This paper is a “Thesis Defense” essay it has to be 5 pages not include the cover and the work cited page, he said that at least one word in page three (3) and no word in pages six (6) I don’t understand exactly what he means by that. also it should have an abstract and an outline ( I send an example of the abstract and the outline, I also send the paper rubric and a power-point which have all the information and it also has some topic which you can choose from or choose your own if you don’t like the one I send. Abstract and Outline Example
Abstract
The View of Physician Assisted suicide has been one of the most controversial topics that has
been viewed in a negative light. Confusion from all social standings has allowed this to be called
murder, and immoral from some political and religious backgrounds. This paper will provide
insight on who brought light to Physician assisted suicide in the United States, and the goal that
was meant to be accomplished. Then looking into a few different religious backgrounds will
provide beliefs that have influenced the views towards one who seeks aid in death through
suffering. Lastly, I will provide brief look into a few arguments that have influenced Oregon to
legalize this practice in taking place. The goal of my paper is to differentiate between the
meaning of what murder is explain similarities and differences between Euthanasia and
Physician Assisted Suicide to properly examine and understand the different viewpoints
throughout the paper.
OUTLINE: Viewpoints of Physician Assisted Suicide
I.
INTRODUCTION
•
What does one believe to be moral?
•
A brief look into what Physician Assisted Suicide is and the difference that this has in
comparison to murder.
II.
•
BODY
Kevorkian
1. Interest in death began during his residency.
2. Details in his first case with the Thanatron.
•
Religions
1) The impact of faith.
2) Buddhists, Evangelicals, Jehovah’s Witness.
•
Oregon
1. Guidelines to this being legalized.
2. A few arguments that justify this being moral.
III.
CONCLUSION
•
Physician Assisted Suicide is not the same as murder, and can be justified as being moral
or immoral when it comes to the different viewpoints that are motivated from a political
and religious viewpoint.
Philosophy: Paper Grading Rubric
Excellent
Good
Needs Improvement
Unacceptable
A clear statement of the main
conclusion of the paper.
The thesis is obvious, but there is
no single clear statement of it.
The thesis is present, but must be
uncovered or reconstructed from
the text of the paper.
There is no thesis.
Premises
Each reason for believing the
thesis is made clear, and as much
as possible, presented in single
statements. It is also clear which
premises are to be taken as given,
and which will be supported by
sub-arguments. The paper
provides sub-arguments for
controversial premises. If there
are sub-arguments, the premises
for these are clear, and made in
single statements. The premises
which are taken as given are at
least plausibly true.
The premises are all clear,
although each may not be
presented in a single statement. It
is also pretty clear which premises
are to be taken as given, and
which will be supported by subarguments. The paper provides
sub-arguments for controversial
premises. If there are subarguments, the premises for these
are clear. The premises which are
taken as given are at least
plausibly true.
The premises must be
reconstructed from the text of the
paper. It is not made clear which
premises are to be taken as given,
and which will be supported by
sub-arguments. There are no subarguments, or, if there are subarguments, the premises for these
are not made clear. The paper
does not provide sub-arguments
for controversial premises. The
plausibility of the premises which
are taken as given is questionable.
There are no premises—the paper
merely restates the thesis. Or, if
there are premises, they are much
more likely to be false than true.
Support
The premises clearly support the
thesis, and the author is aware of
exactly the kind of support they
provide. The argument is either
valid as it stands, or, if invalid, the
thesis, based on the premises, is
likely to be or plausibly true.
The premises support the thesis,
and the author is aware of the
general kind of support they
provide. The argument is either
valid as it stands, or, if invalid, the
thesis, based on the premises, is
likely to be or plausibly true.
The premises somewhat support
the thesis, but the author is not
aware of the kind of support they
provide. The argument is invalid,
and the thesis, based on the
premises, is not likely to be or
plausibly true.
The premises do not support the
thesis.
CounterArguments
The paper considers both obvious
and unobvious counter-examples,
counter-arguments, and/or
opposing positions, and provides
original and/or thoughtful
responses.
The paper considers obvious
counter-examples, counterarguments, and/or opposing
positions, and provides responses.
The paper may consider some
obvious counter-examples,
counter-arguments, and/or
opposing positions, but some
obvious ones are missed.
Responses are non-existent or
mere claims of refutation.
No counter-examples, counterarguments, or opposing positions
are considered.
CONTENT
Argument
Thesis
1
Philosophy: Paper Grading Rubric
Understanding
Text
The paper contains highly
accurate and precise
summarization, description and/or
paraphrasing of text. The paper
uses appropriate textual support
for these.
The summarization, description
and/or paraphrasing of text is
fairly accurate and precise, and
has textual support, but other
passages may have been better
choices.
The summarization, description
and/or paraphrasing of text is
fairly accurate, but not precise,
and the textual support is
inappropriate.
The summarization, description
and/or paraphrasing of text is
inaccurate and/or has no textual
support.
Ideas
The paper contains a highly
accurate and precise description
of the issue or problem, along
with a careful consideration of
possible alternatives or solutions.
The paper contains relevant
examples, and indicates the salient
issues the examples highlight.
The description of the problem or
issue is fairly accurate and
precise, and possible alternatives
or solutions are considered.
Examples are given, but similar
examples may have been better.
The description of the problem or
issue is fairly accurate but not
precise, and possible alternatives
or solutions are either not
considered, or ill-described.
Examples are given, but it is not
made clear how they are relevant.
The description of the problem or
issue is inaccurate, and possible
alternatives or solutions are not
considered, and examples are not
provided.
Analysis
The paper successfully breaks the
argument, issue, or problem into
relevant parts. The connections
between the parts are clear and
highly accurate.
The paper successfully breaks the
argument, issue, or problem into
relevant parts. The connections
between the parts are fairly
accurate.
The paper breaks the argument,
issue, or problem into parts, but
some parts may be missing or
unclear. The connections between
the parts are somewhat accurate.
The parts identified are not the
correct and/or relevant ones. The
connections between the parts are
completely inaccurate.
Synthesis
The paper successfully integrates
all relevant parts from various
places into a coherent whole. The
connections between the parts are
clear and insightful.
The paper integrates most relevant
parts from various places into a
mostly coherent whole. The
connections between the parts are
generally clear.
The paper integrates some parts
from various places into a
somewhat coherent whole. The
connections between the parts are
somewhat unclear.
The parts to be integrated are not
clear and/or relevant. The
connections between the parts are
unclear.
The paper evaluates the argument
in question by checking for
adherence to various standards
(validity, soundness, etc.), and
checking for informal fallacies.
The paper suggests how the
argument could be made better
according to the appropriate
standard.
The paper evaluates the argument
in question by checking for
adherence to various standards
(validity, soundness, etc.), and
checking for informal fallacies.
The paper evaluates the argument
in question by checking only the
truth of the premises and/or the
conclusion, and does not check
for informal fallacies.
The paper evaluates the argument
in question by whether the author
agrees or disagrees with the
conclusion or a premise.
Evaluation
Argument
2
Philosophy: Paper Grading Rubric
Position
The paper evaluates the position
in question by checking for
support in an argument and
internal consistency, and by
exploring unmentioned plausible
alternatives.
The paper evaluates the position
in question by checking for
support in an argument and
internal consistency.
The paper evaluates the position
in question by considering its
plausibility.
The paper evaluates the position
in question by whether the author
agrees or disagrees with it.
Thesis is original, interesting, and
relevant.
The thesis is interesting and
relevant.
The thesis is totally irrelevant.
Examples
Examples are original, relevant,
insightful, and well-used.
Examples are original, relevant,
and well-used.
Alternative
Positions
Previously unmentioned
alternative positions are explored.
Alternative positions are explored.
The thesis is slightly off-topic,
obviously true (or false), or not
really worth writing about.
Examples are unoriginal, only
somewhat relevant, and/or not
well-used.
Alternative positions are
mentioned but not explored.
All sentences are complete and
grammatical. All words are
chosen for their precise meanings.
All new or unusual terms are
well-defined. Key concepts and
theories are accurately and
completely explained. Good, clear
examples are used to illuminate
concepts and issues. Information
(names, facts, etc.) is accurate.
Paper has been spell-checked and
proofread, and has no errors, and
no rhetorical questions or slang.
All sentences are complete and
grammatical. Most words are
chosen for their precise meanings.
Most new or unusual terms are
well-defined. Key concepts and
theories are explained. Examples
are clear. Information (names,
facts, etc.) is accurate. Paper has
been spell-checked and proofread,
and has very few errors, and no
rhetorical questions or slang.
A few sentences are incomplete
and/or ungrammatical. Words are
not chosen for their precise
meanings. New or unusual terms
are not well-defined. Key
concepts and theories are not
explained. Examples are not clear.
Information (names, facts, etc.) is
mostly accurate. Paper has several
spelling errors, rhetorical
questions and/or uses of slang.
Many sentences are incomplete
and/or ungrammatical. The author
does not acknowledge that key
words have precise meanings.
Information (names, facts, etc.) is
inaccurate. Paper has many
spelling errors, rhetorical
questions and/or uses of slang.
Creation
Thesis
STYLE
Clarity
Examples are missing, irrelevant
an/or misused.
Alternative positions are ignored.
3
Philosophy: Paper Grading Rubric
Organization
Introduction
Thesis is clear, and contained in
the introduction. The topic is
introduced with minimal fanfare.
It is made clear how the paper will
get to this conclusion, not in a
detailed outline of the paper, but
rather in a concise summary of the
steps in argument.
Thesis is contained in the
introduction. The topic is
introduced with little fanfare. It is
generally clear how the paper will
get to this conclusion, not in a
detailed outline of the paper, but
rather in a description of the steps
in argument.
Thesis is not contained in the
introduction. The topic is
introduced with too much fanfare.
The flow of the paper is described
as an outline, and not as a
description of the steps in
argument.
Only the topic is introduced, with
no description of the paper. Or,
the paper is described
inaccurately.
Body
It is very easy to follow the
argument. It is made explicit
which claims are being used as
premises, and how these premises
are supposed to support the thesis.
New premises are each introduced
in new paragraphs or sections. If
there are sub-arguments, it is
made explicit which argument is
the main one, and which are the
secondary ones.
It is generally easy to follow the
argument. It is clear which claims
are being used as premises, and
how these premises are supposed
to support the thesis. Usually, new
premises are introduced in new
paragraphs or sections. If there are
sub-arguments, it is clear which
argument is the main one, and
which are the secondary ones.
It is somewhat difficult to follow
the argument. It is somewhat
unclear which claims are being
used as premises, and/or how
these premises are supposed to
support the thesis. Separate
premises are lumped together in
the same paragraphs or sections.
If there are sub-arguments, it is
not clear which argument is the
main one, and which are the
secondary ones.
It is impossible to follow the
argument. It is completely unclear
which claims are being used as
premises. It is completely unclear
how the premises are supposed to
support the thesis. Premises are
discussed randomly, or not at all.
There seem to be many
arguments, and it is completely
unclear which is the main one.
Conclusion
The paper uses the conclusion to
tie up loose ends. For example,
the paper considers objections to
the argument to which it is
acknowledged there is no space or
expertise to respond. Or, the paper
briefly considers the implications
of the acceptance of the
conclusion for a larger argument,
or for a larger issue or problem.
Or the paper explains what further
work may need to be done in this
area.
The paper uses the conclusion to
tie up some loose ends, but
combines this with a restatement
of the introduction.
The conclusion is merely a
restatement of the introduction.
The conclusion is missing.
4
Writing A Philosophical Paper
1) Choice of Topic/Thesis
Should not be too broad to cover
thoroughly
 Should not be too narrow to be worth
covering
 Should not be so uncontentious that
hardly any reasonable person will disagree
 Should not be so far-fetched that no
argument can make it seem plausible

2) Tone
Be Objective
 Do not use inflammatory language
 Don’t be indignant

3) Balance and Presentation
Present your argument, information, and
evidence
 Discuss alternative views as well

◦ What are their merits and downfalls
4) Organization of Paper

Opening paragraph
◦ Announces the task you are going to
undertake

All transitions should be clear and
smooth
5) Originality

DO NOT PLAGIARIZE!
◦ Plagiarism is using another’s words (or
wording close to it), or ideas, allowing the
reader to believe/think /conclude that they
are your words and/or ideas

Always cite your sources
◦ Any information, thoughts, or borrowed
wording you used
6) Accuracy

Use precise language
◦ So as not to misrepresent information
◦ Either your own ideas or someone else’s
7) Use of Language
Use correct grammar and spelling
 Use proper punctuation
 Avoid obscure language, phrases, and
sentences
 Be precise
 Review, edit, and rewrite your paper

8) Clarity

Make sure you have clear sentences
◦ And ideas
9) Consistency

Make sure there are no contradictions in
your thought
10) Strength of Argument

Offer reasons in support of your thesis
◦ That a clear thinking, unbiased person would
find persuasive
11) Research
Use credible sources
 Use enough research information to
justify your claims
 Use research that is relevant to your
topic

Types of Philosophy Papers
1) Thesis Defense Paper

About stating a position and giving
reasons for believing it is true
◦ E.g. an ethics claim/thesis
 “Major corporations have a moral obligation to
repair the environmental damage they have done.”

Use reliable evidence and strong
reasoning in defense of your thesis.
2) Compare-And-Contrast-Papers

Showing how two views, books, or
philosophies differ and how they are alike.
3) Research Paper

A survey of important views that have
been written on a specific topic.
4) Summary Papers

A restatement of another’s view(s) in
your own words.
5) Explanatory Papers
Goes beyond a summery.
 It’s meant to illuminate another’s view(s)
through the use of analogies, examples,
and/or comparisons.

Philosophy Topics
and
Sample Paper Topics
1) Ethics

The study of moral rights and
responsibilities.
◦ Sample Topics
 1) The moral obligation of major corporations, why
they have them, and/or what they are.
 2) Is abortion ever morally justifiable?
 3) Human equality and the right to marriage.
 4) End of life issues.
2) Political Philosophy

The study of political rights and
obligations; the study of social justice.
◦ Sample Topics.
 1) What should one do when one’s conscience
conflicts with law?
 2) What constitutes a just law?
 3) Where does the responsibility lie when it comes
to feeding, and housing the homeless?
Metaphysics/Ontology

The study of theories of reality.
◦ Sample Topics:
 1) Quantitative and qualitative accounts of nature in
the pre-Socratic philosophers;
 2) Ancient and modern atomism;
 3) Does metaphysics have to be scientific?
 4) The mind and body problem.
Epistemology

The study of how humans can know, the
kinds of knowledge, and the possibility of
certainty
◦ Sample Topics:
 1) Circularity in Descartes’s Meditations;
 2) The subjectivity of scientific knowledge;
 3) The merging together of rationalism and
empiricism to gain knowledge and understanding.
Philosophy of Religion

The study of problems of knowledge and
truth in religion.
◦ Sample Topics:
 1) Can the existence of God be proven empirically?
 2) Are there rational justifications for atheism?
 3) If God exist, what type of God is S/He, and what
are the human implications?
A Thesis Defense Paper
Developing A Thesis
Thesis
From an ancient Greek word meaning
Stand or Position
 It’s a particular stand or position you take
on an issue.
 Your thesis statement should be stated in
your opening paragraph(s).

◦ The first or second paragraph

The rest of your paper needs to show
why your position is correct or
reasonable.
Opening and Closing Paragraphs
Formal Opening Paragraph(s)

Formal opening paragraphs should help
the reader anticipate the reasoning that
will be offered in your paper
◦ A) State your thesis (make it clear)
◦ B) Show how you intend to support your
thesis
Formal Closing Paragraph(s)
A) They go back to the opening paragraph
showing that you have done what you
said you were going to do.
 B) It refers to the body of the paper
showing that you did establish what you
said you were going to establish.

The Body Of The Paper


A) The structure of the paper should reflect
the preview you gave in your opening
paragraph(s).
B) Use Roman Numerals for the various
sections of your paper.
◦ For each point.

C) Use transition phrases to call attention to
shifts in your paper.
◦ E.g. “The third, and final argument in support of
my thesis is this …”

D) Make sure to use good, clear reasoning.
Tone
A) Don’t attempt to sell your ideas using
overblown rhetoric.
 B) Use good reasoning.
 C) Use reliable insight.
 D) Sounding sure of yourself is not equal
to sounding reasonable.
 E) Don’t fabricate facts.
 F) Don’t treat the views of other’s unfairly.

Premises and Conclusions
Premise
A statement of evidence
 An observation, or claim, offered in
support of the point to be proven.

Premise Indicators

Expressions that often precede and serve
to announce a premise.
◦ The most common premise indicators are
 Since, and Because
◦ Phrases such as,
 “Due to the fact that”, and
 “For the following reasons, also introduce premises.
Conclusion

A statement for which evidence has been
offered.
◦ Your thesis statement is a conclusion.
Conclusion Indicators

Expressions that often precede and serve
to announce a conclusion are
◦ So,Thus,Therefore, and Consequently

Less common indicators are
◦ Hence,
◦ As this leads us to the conclusion that,
 And
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