Problems in American Animation Industry Paper Find the problems in American animation industry, for example,High production cost， find out how different c
Problems in American Animation Industry Paper Find the problems in American animation industry, for example,High production cost，
find out how different companies solve these problems，focus on Walt Disney Company, and choose other one company.
please give me the outline and summary in 10 hours!!!
these is a business report, here are the requirements and example in files below:
√ is complete (includes all required components including executive summary, at least seven in-text citations, and an interview if it is a career report)
√ is well-argued / presented (organizational pattern recognized)
√ has a clear main point in the correct position
√ contains specific, accurate, interesting, and appropriate content
√ demonstrates the writers ability to summarize report content into an effective executive summary
√ contains logical connectors / transitions
√ is virtually free from errors (language use, word order, spelling)
√ has visual appeal (use of headings, charts, visuals)
√ is grammatically correct (noun-pronoun agreement, subject-verb agreement, no run-on sentences, no fragments)
√ uses punctuation properly (according to business writing standards, i.e. comma, semi-colon, colon, dash, hyphen) The Steps to Become an Airline Pilot
Business Communications
November 5, 2015
Executive Summary
As an increasing number of aging airline pilots are now retiring from the commercial
airline industry and more passengers are travelling per year, airlines now need to hire more
pilots. Being an airline pilot is one of the most satisfying career choices when considered from
an economic perspective. This report focuses on the process of becoming an airline pilot, along
with some optional choices, that include:
o Training to become a private pilot
o Earning an instrument rating
o Acquiring a commercial pilot certification
o Building up more flight time by flying commercially
o Joining an airline
Due to all of the requirements, such as the flying the required amount of hours, being
eligible to apply for the airlines takes a couple years after starting private pilot training. Not only
that, but the first years as a co-pilot in an airline are more challenging than the latter years, since
newer co-pilots tend to get fewer chances to fly and salaries are low compared to veteran pilots.
Yet, in the long run, the process of becoming an airline pilot is worth the effort because of the
high demand. This means that pilots have a strong chance of being employed since annually
more pilots are needed while older pilots are giving younger ones more opportunities as they
retire. Furthermore, flying an airplane is a privilege that not many people from other careers get
the chance of doing.
Why Become an Airline Pilot?
“Commercial aviation has undergone enormous growth over the last few decades as the
globalization of industry and commerce has matured, while at the same time air travel’s relative
affordability has allowed it to become an integral part of many people’s lifestyles” (O’Connell &
Williams, 2011). Because air travel has become a more common method of transportation, more
pilots have been needed in the industry. Besides the increasing demand for airline transportation,
airline pilots are also needed because veteran pilots are starting to retire in large numbers and
leaving businesses with fewer options to fly their aircraft. Being an airline pilot is one of the
most rewarding careers possible. According to Mike Todd (personal communication, October 30,
2015), a Jacksonville University graduate who currently flies for ExpressJet, life as a pilot has
been favorable because:
o Pilots get plenty of time off while still getting paid
o Flight schedules are known weeks ahead of time
o Medical and life insurance are often provided by the airlines
This report will explain the step-by-step process of becoming an airline pilot. Along with
the explanation of this process, there will also be optional career decisions that could be made.
However, most of the training and certifications that will be discussed are required in order to fly
for any airline.
The Path to an Airline Career
Whenever a pilot starts flight training without any license, they are known as a student
pilot. As a student pilot, two main tasks need to be completed before even flying an airplane.
Due to many accidents that were caused by unhealthy and unfit pilots, student pilots and certified
pilots as well need to have their backgrounds checked which determines if they are mentally fit
to fly. They also need to pass a medical exam to make sure that their body can handle being at
high altitudes and extreme situations. As soon as a student pilot passes both the background
check and medical exam, their path to becoming an airline pilot includes:
1. Becoming a private pilot
2. Obtaining an instrument rating
3. Replacing their private pilot license with a commercial license
4. Gaining more flight time by flying commercially
5. Applying for an airline
Private Pilot Certification
The first step that any airline pilot must go through is private pilot training where they are
introduced to operations in the aviation field with absolutely no hours of flight experience as a
student pilot. Private pilot training covers basic flight knowledge as well as knowledge not used
when flying, such as planning flights and analyzing the weather. This is why this training is
required before getting any other kind of experience. In this stage, new pilots begin their training
with an instructor with simple tasks such as:
o Knowing how to takeoff from a runway
o Maneuvering the plane with turns, climbs, and descents
o Learning how to land the airplane in various conditions
Once the student pilot receives sufficient training and they know necessary material
thoroughly, then they may get an endorsement, or authorization, from their instructor to allow
them to fly “solo” as the only pilot to fly the airplane. At this point in the training, the student
pilot should know how to perform safe landings and efficiently communicate on the radio while
following instructions and flying the plane safely. During the solo portion of training, the student
pilot must fly a cross-country, or long distance, route to another airport while communicating
effectively with air traffic controllers (ATC) that guide airplanes safely in a specific area. After
landing at the destination airport, the solo student pilot is expected to return back to their home
airport by following a similar route.
When the solo portion of training is completed, the student pilot must take an oral and
then a flight exam, together known as a “practical exam,” with another instructor in order to get
their private pilot certification. Before requesting a practical exam, the student pilot must have at
least 40 hours of total flight time which includes 10 hours of solo flight time and three hours of
cross-country flying (FAR/AIM 2016, 2015). For the oral exam, the student pilot will be able to
answer the appropriate questions from different categories, such as weather, aeronautical charts,
and the Federal Aviation Association’s (FAA) Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) that apply
to a private pilot. Furthermore, in the flight exam, every maneuver and navigation operation that
was taught to the student pilot must be observed and judged by the exam instructor.
Finally for this section, upon passing their flight exam, the pilot will become a licensed
private pilot. A private pilot can legally fly an airplane without an instructor and even carry
passengers (FAR/AIM 2016, 2015). However, they cannot get paid for flying and a passenger
cannot pay more than his or her share of the expenses of the flight which include fuel, oil, and
the renting fee of an airplane that was rented.
Instrument Rating
Second, after a student becomes a private pilot, they can get training for an instrument
rating which allows them to fly an airplane without looking for an outside reference such as the
horizon. Instead, an instrument-rated pilot focuses on the “instruments” and screens inside the
cockpit for navigation. An instrument rating is necessary when flying in instrument
meteorological conditions (IMC), or weather that severely limits visibility, such as clouds and
fog (Guided flight discovery, 2013). This is one of the most important ratings that a pilot can
acquire because airline pilots must have one when flying at the high altitudes when jets normally
fly.
Much of the training that is done in instrument rating courses is similar to private pilot
training, but new material is presented. Not only must the instructed pilot know new instrument
rating material, but they must also retain private pilot knowledge. The new experiences in
instrument training that are not be done in private pilot training are:
o Flying through IMC
o Using GPS and other navigation aids throughout most of the flight
o Approaching an airport to land using only cockpit instruments
Just like private pilot training, instructed students must pass a practical exam to receive
their instrument rating. Upon passing the exam, a pilot is now instrument rated. The reason why
it is called a rating is because it is an addition to a license and not a certification. For example,
after a private pilot passes their instrument exam, their license will say that they are a private
pilot with an instrument rating.
Commercial and Multi-Engine Operations
Third, most flight schools go from instrument training over to commercial training.
Basically, commercial training reviews instrument and private material, then goes more in depth
since pilots in this training need more knowledge. At this point, most pilots can now fly airplanes
with more than one engine which means that they will also have to know about the multi-engine
topics. Other than that, training as well as the practical exam are straightforward much like the
previous two courses. However, to get a commercial license in an FAA-approved pilot school, a
pilot must have at least 120 total hours of flight time (Guided flight discovery, 2013).
Upon completing the two exams, the pilot gets a commercial license which replaces the
previous private pilot license. The reason behind this is because a commercial pilot maintains the
same privileges that a private pilot has, but they can also get paid to carry passengers and
property (FAR/AIM 2016, 2015). For example, with this change a pilot can go from being a
private pilot with an instrument rating to a commercial pilot with an instrument rating.
Obtaining a commercial pilot certification is necessary to become an airline pilot.
Essentially, airline pilots get paid to fly passengers. Therefore, an airline pilot needs a
commercial license because no pilot can be paid for their services without this certification. Also,
a pilot will need a multi-engine rating to become an airline pilot simply because the majority of
airlines use aircraft with more than one engine.
Aviation Employment & More Flight Hours
Fourth, now that a commercially certified pilot can be paid for their services, they can
start to look for opportunities to earn more flight hours while getting paid. At this point, a pilot
that wants to fly for the airlines has to work on getting enough hours to at least get interviewed
for an airline. The following are optional, but could certainly help a pilot build up flight time or
at least gain experience and include:
o Getting an aviation internship
o Finding a job that requires a commercial license
o Becoming a flight instructor
One of the smartest choices that could be made by any pilot prior to becoming an airline
pilot is getting an internship in the aviation field. Most aviation internships are paid which is why
being a commercial pilot is often one of the prerequisites when applying for one of these
internships. Although there will most likely be different positions for different companies, they
all share a similar characteristic. Internships are meant to help future pilots get accustomed to the
aviation work environment as well as make connections in networking events to make good
impressions on potential employers (M. Todd, personal communication, October 30, 2015).
A commercial pilot has various options to choose from when looking for a job to make
more flight hours. Some require additional training while others just require the commercial
certification along with an instrument rating. To be an aerial firefighter that puts out fires by
dropping large amounts of water, a pilot needs to have the appropriate pilot license as well as
firefighting experience (Guided flight discovery, 2013). Similarly, agricultural aircraft pilots
need to have some training in agricultural applications (Guided flight discovery, 2013). Though
firefighting and agricultural operations are not the most common choices, they still manage to
help a pilot build up their flight time.
One of the most popular choices that commercial pilots make is continuing their training
to become a Certified Flight Instructor (CFI). A CFI basically trains student pilots to become
private pilots. Since flight instructors do get paid, they must have at least a commercial license.
Just like the other previous courses, to become a flight instructor a pilot must go through training
and then take verbal and flight exams. The main differences between the CFI course and the
previous courses is that there is emphasis on different methods of teaching and different ways to
learn in CFI training which makes it more psychologically oriented.
The CFI route is one of the most popular for a number of reasons. Because an instructor
usually teaches more than one student per day and those students tend to fly more than once per
week, flight instructors can build their hours quicker than most other pilots that fly
commercially. If a flight instructor has enough students that fly regularly, that CFI could be
ready to apply for the airlines in less than three years from beginning to instruct. Thus flight
instructors can apply for the airlines at a younger age and spend more of their lives at the
airlines. Likewise, those who are flight instructors are preferred by partnering programs which
allows highly-qualified pilots from some aviation programs to enter a select number of airlines
earlier if they have enough flight instructor experience (“Cape Air,” March 16, 2013). Airlines
often prefer instructors because student pilots and other pilots with little experience make
amateur mistakes regularly which can be dangerous. Employers and recruiters from the airlines
believe that because instructors are constantly looking out for a student’s mistakes, they are
mentally being trained to be attentive which is beneficial whenever there is a sudden emergency
in the airlines.
Airlines
Finally, in the past, pilots could apply for the airlines with fewer hours than what is
required now. Currently, to apply for an air transport pilot (ATP) certification, the license which
is required for airline pilots, a pilot must have at least 1,500 hours of flight time (“Airline Pilot
Salary,” n.d.). This is basically to ensure safety because with so much time in the cockpit, a pilot
should have enough experience and knowledge to move to a busier field such as the airlines.
There is an exception where a pilot can be only 21 years old and with only 1,000 hours if they
trained in an approved four-year university or training program that leads to a bachelor’s degree
(“ALPA,” July 20, 2013). According to Mike Todd (personal communication, October 30,
2015), whether it is 1,500 or even 1,000 hours, when he wanted to go to ExpressJet he:
o
Applied for ExpressJet
o Impressed the interviewers when being questioned
o Travelled to one of their hub cities
o Presented a brief description and analysis of the company
o Passed an ATP test for ExpressJet
o Answered more questions when he was interview by other pilots
Not all airlines have the same application or interviewing processes and for the most part
they do look for the same information. These potential employers want to know if a pilot has
some knowledge of the airline which shows desire to be in the airline. Mainly they will want to
see if the applicant is worthy enough to be one of their pilots by testing their knowledge. Most
importantly, they want to know if the pilot is safe enough to fly under the airline’s name.
Once in the airline, the pilot will most likely be “on reserve” for some time. Being on
reserve, as explained by Mike Todd, is much like being on call and being prepared to fly should
flights require you at the last minute (personal communication, October 30, 2015). Being on call
could last from weeks to even months depending on the airline. On the upside, pilots are
guaranteed a certain amount of hours per month and they are paid relatively well for their flights.
According to O’Connell & Williams, the airline industry flies over two million flights per month
(2011). Since there is such a high demand for flights, the pilots can certainly be guaranteed their
monthly flight time.
At ExpressJet, a co-pilot can make just over $20,000 per year and they still get paid even
if there are flight cancellations (M. Todd, personal communication, October 30, 2015). Even
though the pay is not high, more experienced pilots that fly larger and more complex aircraft
earn large sums of money. Although most airline pilots start making around $20,000 a year, the
median salary for a pilot that flies a large jet is over $120,000 (“Airline Pilot Salary,” n.d.).
Because of this, most pilots complain about their first years when flying for an airline.
On the other hand, being upgraded from a co-pilot to a pilot, or captain, means an
upgrade in salary. According to the infographic from Phoenix East Aviation below, captains that
fly large jets certainly make over $120,000 (n.d.). Even the captains that do not make as much
when flying the large non-jet airplanes make a significantly higher salary than a co-pilot. Since a
co-pilot can be upgraded to a captain in only a couple of years, starting off with such a low salary
is worth having the pay of an airline captain in the future.
Conclusion
Becoming an airline pilot is certainly a challenge that requires dedication to both flying
and learning aviation-related topics. Because so many certifications, ratings, and flight
experience are needed, this is not a career path that will take a short time to complete. Not only
that, but even when a pilot first makes it to the airlines, they are not placed in a favorable
condition since they are paid low amounts and fly occasionally. In the long run, once they
become captains with years of experience, they start to fly large jets which means that they
become the pilots that make the most money in their airline and fly more frequently.
My Opinion
The aviation world is smaller than other fields and, because of that, it is easier to meet
other pilots and important people such as airline executives. Flying is not only a challenge, but a
privilege given for the hard work put into training. Besides that, I believe that flying is an
enjoyable profession in the sense that not many employees from other careers get to say that they
get paid to travel or get paid in a career where the tough challenges of career progression are
rewarded by such a satisfying end goal. I know that my career is in high demand since people
from various economic classes are contributing to the millions of tickets sold annually and
choose to fly in jets as one of the most popular methods of transportation. Finally, I truly believe
that being the captain of an airline is one of the most rewarding achievements from the aviation
field in general because of the experience and quality of life.
References
Airline Pilot Salary. (n.d.). Retrieved from
ALPA Praises New Qualification Standards for Airline Copilots. (2013, July 20). Professional
Services Close – Up. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.ju.idm.oclc.org/abicomplete/docview/1403435474/F8C3873E
ABC24440PQ/6?accountid=28468
Cape Air; ExpressJet Joins Cape Air in the JetBlue University Gateway Program. (2013, March
16). Journal of Transportation. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.ju.idm.oclc.org/abicomplete/docview/1314760319/A1E2F4F5
8D3C45F0PQ/36?accountid=28468
FAR/AIM 2016: Federal Aviation Regulations, Aeronautical Information Manual. (2016 ed.).
(2015). Newcastle, Washington: Aviation Supplies & Academics.
Guided flight discovery: Instrument Commercial. (2013). Englewood, Colorado: Jeppesen.
O’Connell, J., & Williams, G. (2011). Air Transport in the 21st Century Key Strategic
Developments. Farnham: Ashgate.
Phoenix East Aviation. (n.d.). [Infographic on Median Salary for Aviation Captain]. Take Flight
With Your Career: What Pilots Earn. Retrieved from
REPEATED SICK CALLS OF EMPLOYEES,
THE CONSEQUENCES, AND SOLUTIONS
Prepared for
Prepared by
March 10, 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ……………………………………………………………………………………
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