Majan College Methodology Sampling Technique Research Paper need help writing Methodology Sampling Technique in my research.(“Li-Fi, Complementary to Wi-Fi

Majan College Methodology Sampling Technique Research Paper need help writing Methodology Sampling Technique in my research.(“Li-Fi, Complementary to Wi-Fi”)please write the sampling technique in chapter 3. my research is attached and also the sample of sampling technique below (“no plagiarism please!!!!”) Li-Fi, Complementary to Wi-Fi
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction:
Our present age is the era of information technology. The world of informatics
has to a great extent and was able to provide us with the transfer of data and
information with great speed. In this time, we use the Wi-Fi technology that uses
radio wave to transmit data and signal. This technology able to penetrate walls
and non-metal barriers and speed up data transfer wirelessly to (54 MBPS). In the
last few years, “Harald Hass” German physicist was able to discover a new
technique that is Li-Fi. This technique adopts visible light as means of
transmitting data rather than traditional Wi-Fi radio frequencies. The Li-Fi is very
similar to Wi-Fi, but the difference between them is that Wi-Fi depends on radio
waves while li-fi depends on visible light.
Why we need to use Li-Fi over Wi-Fi technology? Experts believe that Li-Fi
technology is distinguished from its predecessor Wi-Fi in terms of security,
speed, cost saving, low interference and not subject to the problem of frequencies
reserved in the radio spectrum. Light takes on the nature of duality where it
achieves the properties of both particles and waves. We can take advantage of
light by using its different characteristic to transmit data, as the world of
informatics has evolved to large extent and was able to provide us with the
transfer of data and information at speed of up to the speed of light and thus we
can get high-speed internet. Radio waves have limitations in matters such as
availability and safety. The solution to these problems will be using Li-Fi
technology, as it is based on the idea of transmitting data using LED lamps (Johri,
2016).
1.2 Rationale:
In this research, we will learn about this new technology, which is Li-Fi. A
technology that can send data very quickly and low cost without the use radio
waves. I chose this study because it is interesting how light has ability to send
data. In Li-Fi technology, you can download HD movies in seconds. It’s rated as
one of the best innovations for 2011 according to Time magazine. In li-fi, you
can send and receive data safely and without interference from hacking.
1.3 Problem statement
Radio waves used by Wi-Fi, 3G or 4G mobile networks everywhere are crowded
today. With the launch of the world of internet of things will increase the pressure
on the network (50 billion devices connected to the network before 2020), and
thus reduce the performance of networking. Networks that rely on radio waves
experiencing hacker, jamming and limited speed. As well as the high cost of the
infrastructure of the Wi-Fi network all these problems led to the discovery of Li-
Fi network. In this research, we will learn about the capabilities and applications
of the Li-Fi. However, how it looks strange and dependent on LED lamps. There
is also questions about whether we shut down the lamps does the internetwork.
1.4 Research questions:
1) What is the reason for the appearance of the Li-Fi technology?
2) What is the challenges facing Li-Fi technology?
3) How the Li-Fi technology transmit data at light speed?
4) What is the advantages of Li-Fi technology?
5) What are the limits and application of Li-Fi technology?
1.5 Objectives of the study:
➢ To learn more about Li-Fi technique and it’s working.
➢ To know the benefits of Li-Fi technology and it’s most important
applications.
➢ To compare the Li-Fi technology with the Wi-Fi technology.
Hypothesis
There are various advantages which are attached to the application of the
Li-Fi when compared the use of Wi-Fi. Li-Fi brings various advantages which
application of Wi-Fi could not. It will be a turning point in the business sector
and institutions as they will access the high-speed Internet at a cheaper cost. It
increases efficiency as businesses or Institutional will not be faced by downtime
or low network brand with coverage. Li-Fi is efficient and effective to use than
Wi-Fi.
connected to multi-users. Unlike Wi-Fi, there is no shortage of radio frequency
bandwidth in Li-Fi usage (Haas, Yin,Wang, & Chen, 2016). The Li-Fi is
transmitted using the light which transfers at higher speeds than the radio
waves. Similarly, the connectivity of the Li-Fi is a point to point. This means a
user uses one light, moves to the next connectivity point when he or she moves
to the next point which makes it not to experience shortage connectivity
bandwidth. Lastly, Li-Fi is more secure than Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi uses radio waves
bandwidth which crosses through the walls. Therefore, Wi-Fi can be accessed
by people not intended and can be manipulated to steal organization
information. Li-Fi cannot be accessed by the people beyond the point of
location. Just like the light, Li-Fi does not cross the walls which make it hard
for unintended people to access.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
The Li-Fi technique:
According to international journal of innovative research in advanced
engineering, LiFi technology uses LED light to transmit data through light
versions emitted as a binary system. This technology can be a technology for
future uses. You will be able to use different devices, laptops, smartphone, tablet
devices and more from the internet connection through the light in the room. This
technology is fastest and most economical generation of Wi-Fi. This technology
is based on visual light communication (VLC). It used visible light between 400
HZ and 800 HZ. There are two main components of Li-Fi transition source and
receiving element (Shubham & Asoke, 2015).
Advantages of the Li-Fi technology:
Via to international journal of advanced research in computer science and
management studies, researchers have pointed out many advantages of LiFi
technology such as:
Security:
The data transfer process using Li-Fi technology is confined to the area of light
and will not be leaked out; it will be impossible for hackers to access devices and
phones to steal data. However, this do not rely rest of the existing technologies,
but this rely on visible light waves which makes it easy to control and direct,
unlike radio waves that cannot controlled everywhere. Some may consider this a
flaw in the technique, where the transfer of evidence will be limited only to a
limited place, but the spread of light bulbs everywhere will not feel the lack of
this technology.
The speed:
The most important feature of Li-Fi technology is the tremendous speed of data
transmission. The technology relies on visible wavelengths of light. However, the
light spectrum is 10,000 times greater than the radio spectrum. This will be
allowing for the transfer of large amounts of data at higher speed.
Cost:
In Li-Fi technology, we will not need more wires, connections, and cables. In
addition, we will not need to build new towers and stations because we already
have the infrastructure of the technology, which are billions of light bulbs so each
lamp can be considered a booster station.
Jamming:
Li-Fi technology does not interfere with navigation devices, sensitive medical
and industrial devices as do radio-based communication technology. Therefore,
using optical Li-Fi technology, the internet can be used on phone, laptops in
airplanes, hospitals, and factories. Petrochemical plants that may occur as
disasters in the case of radio waves, so the most suitable Li-Fi technology in such
cases (Anurag, Asoke &Agarwal, 2015).
How the LI-Fi technology works:
In international conference on computation of power, energy information and
communication (ICCPEIC) Rishabh Johri said, LiFi technology is very easy to
use. It does not require special type of lamps only to incorporate a small chip into
the lamp to transmit the data and then replace the lamps with the white light LEDs
that carry the chips. The LED light is work as wireless router with a small
electronic chip. The chip converts light into high-frequency binary data using
VLC technology. The lamp send digital content to smart communication devices
with infrared detection software (Johri, 2016).
Application of the Li-Fi technology:
R.Karthika1 & S.Balakrishnan via International Journal of Electronics and
Communication Engineering (SSRG-IJECE), the application of the network LiFi is very wide. Extending to include remote traffic management and high
efficiency. Also can be used to monitor underwater systems and inspect gas pipes
in case of leakage. In addition, there are more application such as:
➢ Health sector :
Medical technology has been isolated from the word of wireless
communication because the frequencies of radio waves negatively affect
the devices and human health. Li-Fi technology solved this problem,
allowing using the light in the hospital especially surgery rooms.
➢ Airline:
As you know using Wi-Fi in airplanes is not allow, but in reality, nothing
attracts people more than a high-quality service with internet connection.
➢ Power plants:
The Wi-Fi is bad for sensitive areas such as power plant because it needs a
high-speed data system connected with control devices. Li-Fi can provide
greater security with an internet connection and data transfer for sensitive
areas.
➢ Traffic management:
Li-Fi can be used in traffic signals by car LED lights that can help to better
manage traffic to reducing the number of accidents. The LED light can also
alert drivers when other cars are too close (R.Karthika1 & S.Balakrishnan,
2015).
What are the challenges facing Li-Fi technology?
One of the challenges facing the Li-Fi technology is that it is not possible to use
the internet without a light source, which limits the areas and situations of using
the li-fi network. Light beams cannot penetrate walls so the scope of this signal
will be limited by physical barriers. One of the biggest disadvantages of this
technique is intercepting its outdoor signal (Asoke, Agarwal & Anurag, 2015).
Future of Li-Fi:
According to International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science
and Software Engineering, wireless communication which rely on radio wave
have become more widespread this leading to the spread of devices that transmit
and receive data over the internet through mobile and Wi-Fi network. However,
all figures and statistics indicate an unprecedented increase in the amount of data
as natural result of increasing the number of portable devices which have the
ability to connected to the internet and send and receive data. As well as the
growing proliferation of smartphone connected to the internet and its advanced
features such as making phone calls video and easy access to social media.
All of these reasons and more eventually led to what we see now from the
unprecedented increase in data consumption thus increasing the pressure on
current wireless networks. There are temporary solutions to expand and upgrade
wireless networks, but these solutions did not meet the requirements, and existing
wireless networks are still unable to keep up with this huge amount of data, so
the only way out of this problem is to use new means that have not yet been used
for data transfer. Light can contribute to solving this problem because it provides
a spectrum of magnetic frequencies 10,000 times greater than the radio waves on
which Wi-Fi is based.
Haas hopes that the technology of “light emitting diodes” will evolve beyond
mere lighting. He predicted that these lamps would be equipped with advanced
electronic systems in the future; so that its function in lighting is just a small part
of several tasks its can.
While critics of the Li-Fi technology see that it will not succeed in replacing the
Wi-Fi because it works only by direct line of sight that makes it unable to
penetrate the walls. However, others believe it may work alongside Wi-Fi in place
where radio waves are kept to the lowest levels such as hospital and airplanes
(Nivrutti & Nimbalkar, 2013).
Comparison between Li-Fi and Wi-Fi:
In data transmission through visible light (research article), the authors find this
comparison between Wi-Fi & Li-Fi.
Parameter
Wi-Fi
Li-Fi
Full form
Wireless Fidelity
Light Fidelity
1999
2011
54 MBPS
10 GBPS
Development year
Speed
Radio frequency
Visible light communication
communication
communication
Limited because the
Anywhere. It can be available
harmful effects
under water
Less secure because anyone
More secure because light
can penetrating radio
waves cannot go over the walls.
Availability
secure
waves.
Network topology
Point-to-multi point
Point-to-point
Infrastructure cost
More
Less
Medium
Low
Access point
LEDs
Environmental
impact
Routing device
Hypothesis
There are various advantages which are attached to the application of the
Li-Fi when compared the use of Wi-Fi. Li-Fi brings various advantages which
application of Wi-Fi could not. It will be a turning point in the business sector
and institutions as they will access the high-speed Internet at a cheaper cost. It
increases efficiency as businesses or Institutional will not be faced by downtime
or low network brand with coverage. Li-Fi is efficient and effective to use than
Wi-Fi.
connected to multi-users. Unlike Wi-Fi, there is no shortage of radio frequency
bandwidth in Li-Fi usage (Haas, Yin,Wang, & Chen, 2016). The Li-Fi is
transmitted using the light which transfers at higher speeds than the radio
waves. Similarly, the connectivity of the Li-Fi is a point to point. This means a
user uses one light, moves to the next connectivity point when he or she moves
to the next point which makes it not to experience shortage connectivity
bandwidth. Lastly, Li-Fi is more secure than Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi uses radio waves
bandwidth which crosses through the walls. Therefore, Wi-Fi can be accessed
by people not intended and can be manipulated to steal organization
information. Li-Fi cannot be accessed by the people beyond the point of
location. Just like the light, Li-Fi does not cross the walls which make it hard
for unintended people to access.
Variables
There are various variables which contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness
of Li-Fi.
Dependent variable is:
• Li-Fi effectiveness.
Independent variables:
• Li-Fi speed.
• Li-Fi Security.
• Li-Fi cost.
• spectrum relief.
Li-Fi technology has various advantages over Wi-Fi technology. In this
research, there are various advantages that are derived from the usage of Li-Fi.
Ideally, the other researchers conclude that Li-Fi technology works faster than
Wi-Fi. According to Sarkar, Agarwal, & Nath, (2015)1, Li-Fi transmits over
100 Gigabytes per second. Li-Fi technology works 100 times faster than Wi-Fi.
The average speed of the Wi-Fi is about 10 megabytes per second. Unlike WiFi, Li-Fi can transmit up to gigabytes per second. Thus, it becomes the best
technology for downloading big files for business and individuals. Secondly,
The Wi-Fi connection is associated shortage of radio frequency bandwidth
especially when it is connected to many users. For instance, when 100 MPs
speed Wi-Fi is connected to more than 15 users. It means that each user will
use about 4mps. In other words, Wi-Fi jams when it is
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
The research will apply both quantitative and qualitative data collection
methods. Also, the secondary resources will be utilized to find the relevant
information.
Interview
In this research, an open-ended will be conducted to find how the Li-Fi is being
applied at the organizational level. The researcher will interview 100 Li-Fi
users to find how it has promoted efficiency and effectiveness. Before doing
the research, the participants will be notified of the purpose of the interview.
The research will cover all the employees, managers at an organizational level.
Similarly, the research will cover 20 employees. The five minutes in-person
interviews with participants will be undertaken to cover as many participants as
possible. Also, the online interview will be undertaken to capture varied
responses.
Secondary sources
The second methodology that will be applied is literature review various article
that has covered the Li-Fi technology. Numerous secondary articles will be
reviewed. The review will cover secondary materials published by universities,
people or other research bodies. All information that focuses on the advantages
of applying Li-Fi in the organizational level will be captured. All the data that
covers on the effectiveness and efficiency of Li-Fi will be captured.
Questionnaire design
The Questionnaire will be another methodology tool that will be used in the
used in this research. Khan, (2017) defines Questionnaire as the form which is
used by the enumerator and distributed to participants in the research, and they
are supposed to fill it as sincere as possible. The open-ended questionnaires
will be used and will not be biased or misleading. The questions will be brief
and straight to help every participant understand. The questionnaires will
capture the numerical ratings such as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The questionnaires will
be prepared and delivered by hand to 50 participants. Also, 20 questionnaires
will fill and delivered through a pager.
Limitations
Some of the limitations encountered in the research include. First, the research
did not capture the responses from participants in different geographical regions.
Secondly, the research was covered within a limited time. Time constraint was a
significant limitation to this research.
Time Plan
Plan
Time
Researching on the application of LI-FI in the institutions and 2 weeks
the organization.
Review of the secondary sources.
1 week
Preparation of the interview.
1 week
Preparation of the questionnaires.
1 week
Data collection.
1 week
Data analysis.
1 weeks
Validation of the data, drafting of the recommendation and
2 weeks
conclusion.
Drafting the final copy, proofreading.
1 week
Conclusion:
Information technology is rapidly changing. Wi-Fi and Li-Fi have changed the
way institutions and business works. It created a way of transferring large files
within a short time (Sarkar, Agarwal, & Nath, ). It has improved the connection
as many users can be connected through a single. However, the use of Wi-Fi
has been faced with various challenges. Some of the challenges that have faced
LI-FI include security. With the use of Wi-Fi, organization information can be
easily accessed by people with bad intention. Researchers advocate the use of
Li-Fi instead of Wi-Fi because it is more secure and has no harmful effects
associated with it. Li-Fi can be used in hospitals and planes.
Reference
Sarkar, A., Agarwal, S., & Nath, A. (2015). Li-fi technology: Data transmission
through visible light. International Journal of Advance Research in
Computer Science and Management Studies, 3(6).
Haas, H., Yin, L., Wang, Y., & Chen, C. (2016). What is lifi?. Journal of
Lightwave Technology, 34(6), 1533-1544.
Khan, L. U. (2017). Visible light communication: Applications, architecture,
standardization, and research challenges. Digital Communications and
Networks, 3(2), 78-88.
A Study on the Impact of Job Stress on Staff
Productivity at *********** SAOG
3.0 Research Methodology
Research Design
Examining job productivity due to the presence of factors that are causing stress at Mazoon Elec
is an indicator that this research will be specific to Mazoon Elec which means that adopting a
descriptive design is valid. Moreover, questions that are concerned about the productivity levels
or otherwise job stress are straightforward and to the point so the point so deeper interpretation
would not be required, which will make it convenient to use a quantitative design framework which
can be validated because quantitative design maximizes objectivity and can be retested.
Sampling Design
Job stress is a universal phenomenon and at Mazoon Elec will apply to all levels of staff whether
they are in the management roles or whether they are in job roles. Accordingly, with over 438
people working at Mazoon Elec, the …
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