ENGL120 Grossmont College Extend Death Penalty Question Hello again, You did Death Penalty essay for me, but I missed to add the annotated bibliography as

ENGL120 Grossmont College Extend Death Penalty Question Hello again, You did Death Penalty essay for me, but I missed to add the annotated bibliography as it’s written below. Can you do this and add 500 more words to may essay. Thank you.Annotated Bibliography: Locate 4—6 sources with potential on your topic and 1: Provide a proper MLA citation for the source (entries should be in alphabetical order). 2: For each source, say how it was located, provide a brief overview of the book or essay’s contents, and indicate how you think it will add to your paper. Length: 200-300 words per source/ 1200 words total/ 4 pages 40 points Jahwary 1
Yousif Jahwary
Joseph Hankinson
English 120
May 14th, 2019
Death Penalty
The death penalty also known as capital punishment refers to the death sentence which is
given to criminals who have been found guilty of a committed capital crime. Death penalties are
put in place in different forms which include hanging, gas release, and execution or even by lethal
injection. Globally 56 countries still retain the death penalty, but 103 countries have abolished it
completely (Phillips, & Richardson 26). Capital punishment has continued to be one of the most
contentious and prominent socio-legal topics across the world, and many jurisdictions have been
involved in discussions on its legality. Religious organizations have also weighed in on the issue
and have become integral in determining what defines these groups and their mission. Everyone
who commits high-level crimes can be considered as bad people and are supposed to face death
penalties. In the case of the death penalty, there have been discussions surrounding the fact that
wrongful convictions may occur, and one may be convicted to death without the opportunity of a
second chance in case of wrong conviction (Garland 114).
Historical Background of Death Penalties
The first death penalty was established back in the 18th century B.C in the reign of the king
of Babylon called King Hammurabi. He had come up with a law that had codified twenty-five
different crimes under the death penalty. The death penalty was also exercised in the 14th century
B.C in the Hittite Code. People who were to be executed under the death penalty were crucified,
beaten to death, burnt alive; drown in the water among other ways. By the 10th century, hanging
becomes the most accepted method of executing offenders in Britain. America was greatly
influenced by Britain to the implementation of the death penalty (Phillips & Richardson 48). This
was because settlers from Europe came to America with the practice. The very first recorded case
of death penalty involved Captain George Kendall in 1608 that came from the Jamestown colony
of Virginia. He was killed on the basis that he was a spy for Spain.
Sir Thomas Dale who was the governor of Virginia enacted the Moral, martial and divine
laws that gave room for the death penalty to be executed even to minor offenses like trading with
Indians or killing a chicken (Banner & Banner 119). In the 19th century, many states started
abolishing the death penalty from their laws. For example, Michigan was the first state to abolish
the death penalty from its laws for all crimes committed apart from treason. The state was followed
by Rhode Island and other countries like Portugal, and Costa Rica followed suit (Phillips &
Richardson 216). Death sentence has been part of life in the Arizona justice system way back from
1865. Before the United States Supreme Court imposed the moratorium on executions, about one
hundred and eight people had been executed to death by 1972 (Banner & Banner 147).
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Arizona was the first state to adopt death executions by gas and later adopted lethal
injection as the primary method of death penalty execution. In November 1992, voters in Arizona
voted for the use of lethal injection and so far about fourteen inmates have already been executed.
In 2002, the U.S Supreme Court ruled different decisions regarding the execution of the death
penalty like in Atkins v. Virginia case in 2002 (Gould & Leon, 17). Capital punishment like death
penalties has been accepted and implemented by different governments for centuries. It has been
a solution for offenders who have committed many and substantial crimes that like murder, treason
among other heinous cases. This is because those who have committed the crimes will never
commit the same crimes and it will be a great lesson to others who are involving the same criminal
activities (Gould &Leon 33).
Literature Review Supporting Death Penalty
Many studies have been conducted to support executions through capital punishment.
According to a study by Gould & Leon (107), he stated that there are some of the many cases that
happen on the globe each day and leave people asking questions whether those performing such
acts are being controlled by human nature. Gould & Leon (310) notes that once such people are
caught and enough evidence is gathered, the initial thing to do is to test where they are sane or
insane. Once it is discovered that they are sane, they should be subjected to harsh punishments.
Research by Phillips & Richardson noted that such people are a significant threat in society and
can do more harm than good when they are in society. Since they go to prisons and meet other
criminals, they might become worse and kill their fellow inmates. To avoid such cases, it is better
to ensure that such people are subjected to cruel and unusual punishments and if possible be put in
isolation to avoid cases to murder or fighting with their fellow inmates. This is because some of
these criminals cannot be rehabilitated and change their ways. However, there has several them
that have changed their ways and become great citizens (Phillips & Richardson 142).
According to another study by Wagner, & Rabuy, heinous murders are killings that people
conduct brutality without any sense of humanity in them. This is murder cases that leave one
shocked and wonder where love for humanity is. For example, in August 2018, a man known as
Christopher Watts was arrested by police for killing his wife who was pregnant together with his
two daughters. Her wife, Shannan who was aged 34 and the young daughters Bella and Celeste
aged four and three years respectively. After killing them from his residential home, he later threw
their bodies near an oil and gas station in Hudson. This brought out a lot of media attention, and a
lot of people were very sad about his acts (Wagner, & Rabuy 333). This is an example of a crime
that anyone one should support to be punished through a death penalty since the killer had no sense
of humanity in him. Another study by Gould &Leon tried to examine the feeling that family
members get ones an offender receives a death penalty in a court. In the case of heinous crimes
such as murders, the most affected people are usually the victims’ families and friends who feel
the greatest loss of their loved ones. These people usually have a tough time once the victim
happens to be from their family. They must bear other costs such as hospital bills, funeral costs,
and other costs. They have also to incur cost related to legal issues in courts and other legal systems
in search of justice. When most of the victim’s families are asked, their highest satisfaction for a
loss of a loved one is justice and to understand why a defendant behaved in a way (Gould & Leon,
5). They also need to understand whether the defendant who is accused of conducting the criminal
act is in his or her sound mind. The family members and friends of a victim always feel they have
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received justice whenever a crime or those involved in criminal activities are harshly punished for
their actions or sentenced to death.
The population in the United States is said to be about 5% of the total population in the
world. Centrally the United States’ population in prison is about 25% of the total prison population
in the world (Tucker 138). This shows that the United States incarcerates more of its citizens
compared to other countries of the world. Back in 1972, the population in the American jails was
about 200,000, but today the number has increased in many folds to about 2.2 million people. This
has led to overcrowding and overstretched the resources in the prisons. It has been discovered that
in every three African-American boys who are born every day, one of them has a very high
likelihood that they will end up in prison sometime in his lifetime. On the other hand, research
showed that one out of six Latino boys is also expected to end up in prison at some point of their
lifetime (Wagner, & Rabuy, 99). Centrally, one out of every seventeen white boys are expected to
go to prison at some point in their life. This is quite alarming information, and one can quickly
know that the highest number of people in the American jails are African-Americans. The number
of women in America’s prisons is also increasing at an alarming rate. The number of people in the
local jails waiting for trial is said to be twice of those who have already been sentenced. The
government spends about $80 billion or more every year to cater for the enormous costs in the
prisons and catering for inmate’s welfare. This money could be channeled in other productive ways
of reducing crimes to avoid the vast number of incarcerated people in jails (Tucker, 145).
Counterargument
However, there are those individuals who do not support death penalties or capital
punishment, and they feel there are other ways of punishing offenders. According to Phillips, &
Richardson, the Catholic Church, for instance, has asserted the fundamental sanctity of life, and
no one has the right to take it away. It argues that life begins in the inception and, thus, death
penalties are considered to be murder. This position has been supported by some other secular
groups that hold the same life ethic in Africa, Europe and even America (Phillips, & Richardson,
230). Some of these groups include the secular, pro-life and the solidarity parties of America.
However, there have risen situations where one is faced in a dilemma, for instance, in situations
where one is in great danger of losing their lives if capital punishment is not carried out. These
groups and societies have argued out that death penalties should be abolished and be replaced by
other lighter punishments. These lighter punishments include jail sentences and fines instead of
having to end the life of an individual. Although some countries and states have legalized capital
punishment, the issues surrounding it are still not clear concerning the morality of these acts.
Conclusions
Death penalties or capital sentence has been there for many years in different countries of
the world. This has been an effective way of dealing with criminals and at the same time combating
crime. However, capital punishment may be a sentence against humanitarian rights, and many
countries have tested it at some point. There are different negative consequences related to capital
punishment such as people lose their fathers, mothers or close relatives and friends after being
subjected to capital punishment. But eventually, this reduces the level of similar criminal activities
by the same person or another which could have happened. The issue of the administering of death
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penalties on offenders, however, varies from one country or state to another where some support
it while others view it as an abomination to humanity.
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Works Cited
Banner, Stuart, and Stuart Banner. The death penalty: An American history. Harvard University
Press, 2019.
Garland, David. “The Concept of American Exceptionalism and the Case of Capital
Punishment.” American Exceptionalism in Crime and Punishment (2017): 103-120.
Gould, Jon B., and Kenneth Sebastian Leon. “A culture that is hard to defend: extralegal factors
in federal death penalty cases.” J. Crim. L. & Criminology 107 (2017): 643.
Phillips, Scott, and Jamie Richardson. “The Worst of the Worst: Heinous Crimes and Erroneous
Evidence.” Hofstra L. Rev. 45 (2016): 417.
Tucker, Ronnie B. “The color of mass incarceration.” ethn stud rev 37.1 (2017): 135-149.
Wagner, Peter, and Bernadette Rabuy. “Mass incarceration: The whole pie 2016.” Prison Policy
Initiative 14 (2016).

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