Carolingian Empire
What influence did the invasions of the ninth century have on European development? What motivated these invasions? What do you think led to their eventual decline?
Many groups like the Vikings and other pirate groups realized they could raid towns and monasteries to plunder their riches with virtually no resistance. It became more common and had the effect of creating the feudal system. This system was decentralized from the fall of the Carolingian Empire. Farmers pledged their lands to local lords who in turn pledged to protect them from invasions. This in turn led to the creation of additional castles and knights. Castles became refuge for citizens fleeing invading groups while knights were tasked with defending
The invasions subsided over time as defenses increased around Europe. Christian kingdoms were spreading across Europe creating a more unified front to invaders. There was a concerted effort to convert all the Scandinavian nations with Christian kings by 1066 CE.
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